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ACI 306R 16:2016 Edition

ACI 306R 16:2016 Edition

$40.63

306R-16 Guide to Cold Weather Concreting

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ACI 2016 28
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This document guides specifiers, contractors, and concrete producers through the selection processes that identify methods for cold weather concreting. The objectives of cold weather concreting practices are to: a) prevent damage to concrete due to freezing at early ages; b) ensure that the concrete develops the recommended strength for safe removal of forms; c) maintain curing conditions that foster normal strength development; d) limit rapid temperature changes; and e) provide protection consistent with intended serviceability of the structure. Concrete placed during cold weather will develop sufficient strength and durability to satisfy intended service requirements when it is properly proportioned, produced, placed, and protected. Keywords: accelerating admixtures; antifreeze admixtures; cold weather concreting; concrete temperature; curing; enclosures; form removal; freezing and thawing; heaters; heating aggregates; insulating materials; maturity testing; protection; strength development.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
3 TITLE PAGE
4 CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1—Introduction
1.2—Scope
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
2.1—Notation
5 2.2—Definitions
CHAPTER 3—OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES, AND ECONOMY
3.1—Objectives
3.2—Principles
6 3.3—Economy
CHAPTER 4—GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1—Planning
4.2—Protection during unexpected freezing
4.3—Concrete temperature
4.4—Temperature records
7 4.5—Heated enclosures
4.6—Slab finishing
4.7—Concrete workability
CHAPTER 5—TEMPERATURE OF CONCRETE AS MIXED AND PLACED, AND HEATING OF MATERIALS
5.1—Placement temperature
8 5.2—Mixing temperature
5.3—Heating mixing water
5.4—Heating aggregates
9 5.5—Steam heating of aggregates
5.6—Overheating of aggregates
5.7—Calculation of mixture temperature
5.8—Temperature loss during delivery
10 CHAPTER 6—PREPARATION BEFORE CONCRETING
6.1—Preparation of surfaces in contact with fresh concrete
6.2—Massive metallic embedments
6.3—Subgrade condition
CHAPTER 7—PROTECTION AGAINST FREEZING FOR CONCRETE NOT REQUIRING CONSTRUCTION SUPPORTS
7.1—Protection methods
11 7.2—Protection period
7.3—Protection period for durability
7.4—Protection for strength gain
7.5—Temperature drop after removal of protection
12 7.6—Allowable temperature differential during stripping
CHAPTER 8—PROTECTION AGAINST FREEZING FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE REQUIRING CONSTRUCTION SUPPORTS
8.1—Introduction
8.2—Field-cured cylinders
8.3—In-place testing
8.4—Maturity testing
14 8.5—Attainment of design strength
8.6—Increasing early strength
15 8.7—Cooling concrete
8.8—Estimating strength development
8.9—Removal of forms and supports
16 8.10—Estimating strength development: modeling cold weather placements
CHAPTER 9—EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, AND METHODS OF TEMPERATURE PROTECTION
9.1—Introduction
9.2—Insulating materials
9.3—Selection of insulation when supplementary heat is not used
21 9.4—Selection of insulation for use with hydronic heaters
9.5—Heaters
9.6—Enclosures
22 9.7—Internal heating
9.8—Temperature monitoring
9.9—Temporary removal of protection
9.10—Insulated forms
CHAPTER 10—CURING RECOMMENDATIONS AND METHODS
10.1—Introduction
10.2—Curing during the protection period inside an enclosure
23 10.3—Curing following the protection period
CHAPTER 11—ACCELERATION OF SETTING AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT
11.1—Introduction
11.2—Accelerating admixtures
24 11.3—Cold weather admixture systems (CWASs)
11.4—Rapid setting cements
CHAPTER 12—REFERENCES
25 Authored documents

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