{"id":558990,"date":"2024-11-05T18:22:37","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T18:22:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/esdu-900222010\/"},"modified":"2024-11-05T18:22:37","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T18:22:37","slug":"esdu-900222010","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/esdu\/esdu-900222010\/","title":{"rendered":"ESDU 90022:2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

This Data Item presents the analytical methods used to estimate
\nnumerical values of reaction forces at joints that connect links of
\nsingle degree-of-freedom, planar, multibar linkage mechanisms.
\nForce analysis is an essential feature of the design of linkages
\nused in industrial machinery because it can lead to improved
\nreliability combined with higher operating speeds and loads.<\/p>\n

It is advisable, during the design of a new mechanism, to obtain
\nestimates of the joint forces\u2020<\/sup> once the link lengths
\nhave been determined. Provisional values of cross-sectional
\ngeometry and a suitable material should be chosen for each moving
\nlink. Force analysis gives provisional values of joint forces which
\nare then used to estimate the stresses in individual links and the
\ndeflections of important points on those links. The proposed
\ncross-sectional geometry and material may then be altered and the
\njoint forces re-determined in an iterative process until an
\nacceptable design is obtained. Also estimates of joint forces are
\nused to determine appropriate bearing types and sizes. Values of
\nframe shaking force and frame shaking moment are essential when
\ndesigning the fixed machine frame and when deciding whether it is
\nnecessary to balance a linkage. Force values are used to compare
\nthe performance of alternative linkage configurations and to
\nevaluate the effect of introducing different balancing techniques
\n(see References 9, 10 and 11).<\/p>\n

Traditionally, values of the necessary kinematic and dynamic
\nquantities are obtained by a laborious graphical approach. Modern
\nmethods are based on the derivation of numerous equations
\ndescribing the kinematic relationships and the equilibrium
\nconditions followed by numerical solution of these equations using
\na computer. Three general strategies for estimating joint forces
\nare described in this Item.<\/p>\n

(a) Static force analysis<\/p>\n

Inertia is ignored and the reactions at the joints due only to
\nthe external force are determined. Each joint force is expressed as
\na function of the position of the input link and the linkage is
\nassumed to be stationary at each position. Static force analysis is
\nsuitable only for the analysis of very slow moving linkages.<\/p>\n

(b) Kinetostatic force analysis<\/p>\n

The reactions at the joints due to inertia and external forces
\nare determined. Each joint force is expressed as a function of the
\nposition of the input link and the motion of the input link is
\nassumed to be known. A commonly-used assumption is that the
\nmechanism is driven via an input crank rotating at constant angular
\nvelocity.<\/p>\n

(c) Dynamic force analysis<\/p>\n

The reactions at the joints due to inertia and external forces
\nare determined. Each joint force is expressed as a function of time
\nand the driving force or torque is assumed to be known as a
\nfunction of time, input link position or input link velocity.<\/p>\n

The development of rigid-body mathematical models of linkages
\nusing these strategies is demonstrated in this Item. The range of
\napplication and the advantages and limitations of each method are
\nstated. The wide variety of linkage configurations used in
\nindustrial machinery and the different loading conditions of each
\nmachine make the presentation of generic design data impractical.
\nConsequently the aim of this Data Item is to provide a simple
\nframework for the development of computer-based methods for
\nanalysis of linkages in particular applications. Section 11
\ncontains the equations required to determine the joint forces by
\nkinetostatic force analysis for commonly-used four-bar linkages. A
\ncomputer program implementing kinetostatic force analysis of
\nfour-bar planar linkages is included in Section 12.<\/p>\n

\u2020<\/sup> See Section 2.2 for definitions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Force Analysis of Planar Linkages<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ESDU<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2010-07<\/td>\nNA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2675],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-558990","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","5":"product_cat-esdu","7":"first","8":"instock","9":"sold-individually","10":"shipping-taxable","11":"purchasable","12":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/558990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=558990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=558990"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=558990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}