| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.2 Abbreviated terms 4 Maximum transmissible optical power to keep fibres damage-free 4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 4.2 Fibre fuse and its propagation Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Experimental set-up for fibre fuse propagation Tables Table 1 \u2013 Threshold power of fibre fuse propagation for various fibres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4.3 Loss-induced heating at connectors or splices Table 2 \u2013 Measurement conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4.4 Connector endface damage induced by dust\/contamination Figure 2 \u2013 Connection loss versus temperature increase Figure 3 \u2013 Test set-up <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 Surface condition contaminated with metal filings, before the test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4.5 Fibre coat burn\/melt induced by tight fibre bending Figure 5 \u2013 Variation of power attenuation during test at several power input values for plugs contaminated with metal filings Figure 6 \u2013 Polishing surface condition contaminated with metal filing, after test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 4.6 Summary of the fibre damage Figure 7 \u2013 Thermo viewer image of tightly bent SMF with optical power of 3 W at 1 480 nm Figure 8 \u2013 Temperature of the coating surface of SMFs against bending with optical power of 3 W at 1 480 nm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 5 Maximum transmissible optical power to keep eyes and skin safe 5.1 Maximum transmissible exposure (MPE) on the surface of eye and skin 5.2 Maximum permissible optical power in the fibre for the safety of eye and skin 5.2.1 Power limit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 5.2.2 Need for APR Table 3 \u2013 Examples of power limits for optical fibre communication systems having automatic power reduction to reduce emissions to a lower hazard level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 5.2.3 Wavelengths 5.2.4 Locations 5.2.5 Nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD) 5.2.6 Power reduction times Table 4 \u2013 Location types within an optical fibre communicationsystem and their typical installations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5.2.7 Medical aspects of the safety of eyes and skin in existing standards Figure 9 \u2013 Maximum permissible power in the fibre against APR power reduction time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 6 Maximum optical power permissible for optical amplifiers from the viewpoint of fibre damage as well as eye and skin safety 7 Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) General information for optical fibre fuse A.1 Introductory remark A.2 Generating mechanism Figure A.1 \u2013 Front part of the fibre fuse damage generated in the optical fibre <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 SiO absorption model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Figure A.3 \u2013 Calculated fibre fuse propagation behaviour simulated with the SiO absorption model <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | A.3 Void formation mechanism A.4 Propagation characteristic of a fibre fuse Figure A.4 \u2013 Series of optical micrographs showing damage generated by 9,0 W 1 480 nm laser light suggesting a mechanism of periodic void formation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Figure A.5 \u2013 Images of fibre fuse ignition taken with an ultra-high-speed camera and an optical micrograph of the damaged fibre <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | A.5 Prevention and termination A.5.1 General A.5.2 Prevention methods Figure A.6 \u2013 Power density dependence of the fibre-fuse propagation velocity Figure A.7 \u2013 Optical micrographs showing front part of the fibre fuse damage generated in SMF-28 fibres with various laser intensities (1 480 nm) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | A.5.3 Termination methods Figure A.8 \u2013 Principle of the optical fibre fuse passive termination method and photograph of a fibre fuse terminator using a TEC structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Figure A.9 \u2013 Photograph of hole-assisted fibre and fibrefuse termination using a hole-assisted fibre <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | A.6 Additional safety information A.7 Conclusion Figure A.10 \u2013 Example of fibre fuse active termination scheme Figure A.11 \u2013 Transformation of electrical signal by optical fibre fuse <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Optical amplifiers – Maximum permissible optical power for the damage-free and safe use of optical amplifiers, including Raman amplifiers<\/b><\/p>\n |