ASME PTC 40 2017 R2022

$98.04

ASME PTC 4.3-2017 Air Heaters

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ASME	2017	70

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Description

This Code provides procedures for conducting performance tests of air heaters to determine: exit gas temperature; air to gas leakage; fluid pressure losses; and other fluid temperatures. It also provides procedures to determine the heat capacity ratio (X-ratio) and any or all of the performances results specified above that may be necessary for: checking actual performance against standard or design performance; comparing changes in performance over time with standard or design performance; comparing performance under various operating conditions; and determining the effect of changes in equipment. This Code applies to all air heaters used in industrial application, e.g., air heaters servicing steam generators and industrial furnaces. This specifically includes: combustion gas-to-air heat exchanger including air heaters with multi-section air streams; and air preheater coils utilizing noncondensing (single phase) steam, water or other hot fluids. This Code does not cover direct-fired air heaters or gas-to-gas heat exchangers. In the latter application, this Code may be used to determine both the thermal and pressure drop performance, while alternate methods of leakage measurement should be agreed upon between the parties. This Code also does not cover heat exchangers where the heating fluid is condensed while passing through the heater. Air heaters in parallel shall be tested individually (wherever possible) for purposes of checking actual performance. This Code requires pretest and post-test uncertainty analysis. The pretest uncertainty analysis is required in order to effectively plan the test. It allows corrective action to be taken prior to the test, either to decrease the uncertainty to a level consistent with the agreed-upon uncertainty, or to reduce the cost of the test while still attaining the objective. The post-test uncertainty analysis is used to determine the uncertainty intervals of the actual test. This analysis should confirm the pretest systematic and random uncertainty estimates. It serves to either validate the quality of the test results or to expose problems.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
4	CONTENTS
7	NOTICE
8	FOREWORD
9	ASME PTC COMMITTEE Performance Test Codes
10	CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
12	Section 1 Object and Scope 1-1 OBJECT 1-2 SCOPE 1-3 UNCERTAINTY Figures Figure 1-2-1 FGD System Inputs and Outputs
13	Tables Table 1-3-1 Expected Test Uncertainties
14	Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms 2-1 DEFINITIONS
15	2-2 DESCRIPTIONS OF TERMS 2-2.1 Constant Terms 2-2.2 Variable Terms 2-3 ABBREVIATIONS Table 2-2.1-1 Symbols and Descriptions of Constants
16	Table 2-2.2-1 Symbols and Descriptions of Variables
19	Section 3 Guiding Principles 3-1 INTRODUCTION 3-1.1 Test Goals 3-1.2 General Precautions 3-1.3 Agreements and Compliance to Code Requirements 3-1.4 Acceptance Tests
20	3-1.5 Test Boundary 3-1.6 Required Measurements
21	3-1.7 Criteria for Selection of Measurement Locations 3-1.8 Specific Required Measurements 3-1.9 Design, Construction, and Start-Up Considerations 3-2 TEST PLAN 3-2.1 Schedule of Test Activities 3-2.2 Test Team 3-2.3 Test Procedures
22	3-3 TEST PREPARATIONS 3-3.1 Test Apparatus 3-3.2 Data Collection 3-3.3 Location and Identification of Instruments 3-3.4 Test Personnel 3-3.5 Equipment Inspection and Cleanliness
23	3-3.6 Preliminary Test Run 3-4 CONDUCT OF TEST 3-4.1 Starting and Stopping Tests and Test Runs 3-4.2 Methods of Operation Prior to and During Tests
24	Table 3-4.2.4-1 Test Proximity to Design Conditions
25	3-4.3 Adjustments Prior to and During Tests 3-4.4 Duration of Runs, Number of Test Runs, and Number of Readings Table 3-4.2.5-1 Stabilization Parameters for FGD System
26	Table 3-4.4.1-1 FGD System Test Durations
27	3-5 CALCULATION AND REPORTING OF RESULTS 3-5.1 Causes for Rejection of Readings
28	3-5.2 Uncertainty 3-5.3 Data Distribution and Test Report Figure 3-4.4.3-1 Evaluation of Test Runs
29	Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement 4-1 RESULTS TO BE DETERMINED 4-2 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 4-2.1 Flue Gas 4-2.2 Reagent(s)
30	Table 4-2.1-1 Flue Gas Parameters Required From Tests
31	4-2.3 Energy/Power Consumption
32	4-2.4 Water
33	4-2.5 By-Product
34	4-2.6 Purge Stream Quantity and Quality
36	Section 5 Computation of Results 5-1 CALCULATION OF PERCENT SO2 REMOVAL (%R) 5-1.1 Calculation of Flue Gas Flow Rate (Qsd) 5-1.2 Calculation of Corrected SO2 Concentration 5-1.3 Calculation of SO2 Mass Flow Rate 5-1.4 Calculation of SO2 Removal 5-2 CALCULATION OF REAGENT STOICHIOMETRY AND CONSUMPTION 5-2.1 Units 5-2.2 Dry FGD System Reagent Consumption
37	5-2.3 Wet FGD System Reagent Stoichiometry Calculation
38	5-2.4 Wet FGD System Calculation of Reagent Consumption 5-3 CALCULATION OF ENERGY/POWER CONSUMPTION 5-3.1 Calculation of Thermal Energy/Power 5-3.2 Calculation of Mechanical Energy and Power 5-3.3 Calculation of Electrical Energy/Power
39	5-4 CALCULATION OF WATER CONSUMPTION 5-5 CALCULATION OF WASTE OR BY-PRODUCT 5-6 PURGE STREAM CALCULATION
41	Section 6 Report of Results 6-1 GENERAL 6-2 TITLE PAGE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS 6-3 GENERAL INFORMATION 6-4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6-5 REPORT CONTENT 6-5.1 Introduction 6-5.2 Objectives and Agreements 6-5.3 Test Description and Procedures
42	6-5.4 Results 6-5.5 Uncertainty Analysis 6-5.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 6-6 APPENDICES
43	Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis 7-1 GENERAL 7-2 INTRODUCTION 7-3 OBJECTIVE OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS 7-4 DETERMINATION OF OVERALL UNCERTAINTY 7-4.1 Types of Uncertainty
44	7-4.2 Sources of Error 7-5 CALCULATION OF UNCERTAINTY 7-5.1 General 7-5.2 Input Uncertainties 7-6 SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENTS Table 7-5.1-1 Expected Uncertainty for FGD System Testing
45	7-7 SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY 7-8 RANDOM STANDARD UNCERTAINTY FOR SPATIALLY UNIFORM PARAMETERS
46	7-9 CORRELATED SYSTEMATIC STANDARD UNCERTAINTY
47	NONMANDATORY APPENDICES NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A WET FGD SYSTEM SAMPLE CALCULATION A-1 GENERAL A-2 DESIGN PARAMETER CALCULATIONS A-2.1 FGD System Inlet Wet Gas Flow A-2.2 Percent of Maximum Continuous Rating Condition (%MCR) A-2.3 FGD System Inlet SO2 Concentration
48	Table A-2.1-1 FGD System Inlet Gas Flow Rate Table A-2.2-1 Percent MCR Table A-2.3-1 FGD System Inlet SO2 Concentration A-2.4 FGD System Inlet Particulate Concentration A-2.5 FGD System Inlet Temperature
49	Table A-2.4-1 FGD System Inlet Particulate Concentration Table A-2.5-1 FGD System Inlet Temperature Table A-2.6-1 Dry Percent Chlorides and Fluorides in Coal Table A-2.7-1 Dry Percent Sulfur in Coal Table A-2.8-1 Available CaCO3, Dry Table A-3.1-1 Limestone/Sulfur Dioxide Ratio (Maximum) A-2.6 Weight Percent of Chlorides and Fluorides in Coal A-2.7 Dry Weight Percent Sulfur in Coal A-2.8 Dry Available Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) A-3 PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE CALCULATIONS A-3.1 Limestone/Sulfur Dioxide Stoichiometric Ratio (Maximum)
50	Table A-3.2-1 Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency (Minimum) Table A-3.3-1 Sulfur Dioxide Allowable Emission Concentration (Maximum) A-3.2 Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency (Minimum) A-3.3 Sulfur Dioxide Allowable Emission Concentration (Maximum) A-3.4 Static Pressure Drop
51	Table A-3.4-1 Static Pressure Drop Table A-3.5-1 Gypsum Production (Minimum) A-3.5 Gypsum Production (Minimum) A-3.6 Gypsum Moisture Content (Maximum)
52	Table A-3.7-1 Gypsum Purity (Minimum) Table A-3.8-1 Gypsum Properties A-3.7 Gypsum Purity (Minimum) A-3.8 Gypsum Properties A-3.9 Makeup Water Consumption (Maximum)
53	Table A-3.9-1 Makeup Water Consumption Table A-3.10-1 Power Consumption (Test Run 1) A-3.10 Power Consumption Guarantee (Maximum)
54	Table B-2.1-1 Constants NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B SEMI-DRY FGD SYSTEM CALCULATIONS B-1 INTRODUCTION B-2 DESIGN PARAMETER CALCULATIONS B-2.1 Constants B-2.2 FGD System Inlet Wet Gas Flow B-2.3 Coal Sampling and Analysis Results B-2.4 Determine Sulfur Content of Fuel per Heat Basis B-2.5 Determine Fd Factor B-2.6 Determine Heat Input to the Unit B-2.7 Mass Sulfur Input to the Unit B-2.8 Chlorides and Fluorides From Coal
55	Table B-2.2-1 EPA Methods 2 and 19 Table B-2.3-1 Coal Sampling and Analysis Results Table B-2.9-1 FGD System Inlet and Outlet Conditions B-2.9 FGD System Inlet Flue Gas Conditions B-2.10 Adiabatic Saturation Temperature B-3 CALCULATION OF EMISSIONS AND PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES B-3.1 Lime Usage Calculation — Using a Tank Drawdown Test
56	Table B-2.9-2 Determination of Flue Gas Molecular Weight Table B-3.1-1 Lime Usage Measurements Table B-3.1-2 Correction Factors
57	B-3.2 Calculation of Electrical Energy/Power B-3.3 Calculation of Pressure Drop B-3.4 Calculation of Water Consumption
58	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION EXAMPLE C-1 INTRODUCTION C-2 SOURCES OF ERROR C-3 SPATIAL UNCERTAINTY CALCULATIONS
59	Table C-2-1 Summary of Post-Test SO2 Uncertainty Analysis
60	Table C-2-2 Inputs for Instrumentation
61	Table C-2-3 Summary of Post-Test Wet FGD System Differential Pressure Uncertainty Analysis
62	Table C-2-4 Summary of Post-Test Dry FGD System Water Consumption Uncertainty Analysis
63	Table C-2-5 Summary of Post-Test Dry FGD System Lime Consumption Uncertainty Analysis
64	Table C-3-1 Simulated Readings Table C-3-2 Average Readings Across Locations Table C-3-3 Differences at Each Location Table C-3-4 Difference Between δlt and Average Value
65	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D REFERENCES