API PUBL 4692-1999

$39.00

A Decision-Maker’s Guide to Dispersants: A Review of the Theory and Operational Requirements

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
API	1999	52

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Description

Consider this…an oil tanker has grounded offshore, releasing some or all of its cargo. It is your job to recommend response options to protect sensitive nearshore environment. One of the recommendations that you are considering is the use of chemical dispersants on the already expanding surface slicks. You need a concise, complete, and easy-to use summary of dispersant technology, to refresh your memory and supportyour decisions. This booklet is designed to fill that need.

Purpose of Booklet

This booklet was developed for oil spill response decision-makers, to provide an accurate summary of chemical dispersant technology. To make informed decisions on using dispersants, or any countermeasure, it is important first to have a clear understanding of the potential benefits and risks.

-How do these chemicals work?

-Are they safe to use?

-Why should they be used?

– Under what conditions are chemical dispersants appropriate?

– What are the operational issues involved with chemical dispersant applications?

All of these answers are found in this booklet, in an easy-to-use format supplemented with diagrams and figures. To address chemical dispersant technology fully, this booklet has been divided into three parts.

Part I provides a brief review of oil chemistry: more details can be found in the first booklet in this series, “Fate of Spilled Oil in Marine Waters: Where Does It Go, What Does It Do, and How Do Dispersants Affect It?”

Part II provides a detailed discussion on chemical dispersants and their mechanism of action. This section briefly compares and contrasts chemical dispersion with natural dispersion and dissolution.

Part III comprehensively reviews the operational issues associated with chemical dispersant applications, including: application rates and variables that affect these rates, equipment needs, effectiveness issues, monitoring issues, and application limitations and restrictions.

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