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| 4<\/td>\n | FOREWORD FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard specifies procedures, apparatus, and instrumentation for rating thermal performance of ceiling panels in a specific indoor configuration and thermal conditions. 2.1 This standard specifies procedures, apparatus, and instrumentation for rating thermal performance of ceiling panels in a specific indoor configuration and thermal conditions. 2.2 Thermal performance of a ceiling panel is measured in terms of heat delivered or heat removed by the ceiling panel as a function of average fluid temperature of the heat transfer medium in the ceiling panel and the temperatures characterizing the… 2.2 Thermal performance of a ceiling panel is measured in terms of heat delivered or heat removed by the ceiling panel as a function of average fluid temperature of the heat transfer medium in the ceiling panel and the temperatures characterizing the… 2.3 This standard covers testing of ceiling panels in the following effective panel surface high and low temperature range limits. 2.3 This standard covers testing of ceiling panels in the following effective panel surface high and low temperature range limits. 2.4 This standard does not cover the following ceiling panels: 2.4 This standard does not cover the following ceiling panels: 3. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 3. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 3.1 System of Units. In this standard the International System of Units (SI) is used. Inch-pound (I-P) units are shown parenthetically. Values shall be based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) values, which, in turn, are bas… 3.1 System of Units. In this standard the International System of Units (SI) is used. Inch-pound (I-P) units are shown parenthetically. Values shall be based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) values, which, in turn, are bas… 3.2 Basic Units. The unit of length is meter, designated m (foot or inch, designated ft or in.). The unit of mass is the kilogram, designated kg (pound, designated lb), and the unit of time is the second or hour, designated s or h. The unit of temper… 3.2 Basic Units. The unit of length is meter, designated m (foot or inch, designated ft or in.). The unit of mass is the kilogram, designated kg (pound, designated lb), and the unit of time is the second or hour, designated s or h. The unit of temper… 3.3 Derived Units 3.3 Derived Units <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | 4. SYMBOLS 4. SYMBOLS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 5. DEFINITIONS 5. DEFINITIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | 6. INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURING STANDARDS 6. INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURING STANDARDS 6.1 Accuracy and Precision. Instruments and methods of measurement that are described in the following sections are subject to accuracy and precision specifications as shown in Table 1. The specified requirements correspond to two standard deviations… 6.1 Accuracy and Precision. Instruments and methods of measurement that are described in the following sections are subject to accuracy and precision specifications as shown in Table 1. The specified requirements correspond to two standard deviations… 6.2 Resolution. The resolution of an instrument is the smallest change in input that will result in a measurable change in output. In no case shall the resolution of the measurement device be greater than the accuracy specified for the instrument. 6.2 Resolution. The resolution of an instrument is the smallest change in input that will result in a measurable change in output. In no case shall the resolution of the measurement device be greater than the accuracy specified for the instrument. 6.3 Standard of Fluid Temperature Measurements. Measure temperature of the heat transfer fluid in accordance with ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 41.1, Standard Method for Temperature Measurement.1 6.3 Standard of Fluid Temperature Measurements. Measure temperature of the heat transfer fluid in accordance with ANSI\/ASHRAE Standard 41.1, Standard Method for Temperature Measurement.1 6.4 Standard of Fluid Flow Rate Measurements. Measure the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 41.8, Standard Methods of Measurement of Flow of Liquids in Pipes Using Orifice Flowmeters.2 Flow rate measuring instrum… 6.4 Standard of Fluid Flow Rate Measurements. Measure the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 41.8, Standard Methods of Measurement of Flow of Liquids in Pipes Using Orifice Flowmeters.2 Flow rate measuring instrum… 6.5 Standard of Fluid Pressure Measurements. Measure the pressure of the heat transfer fluid in accordance with the general guidelines given in ASHRAE Standard 41.3, Standard Method for Pressure Measurement.4 6.5 Standard of Fluid Pressure Measurements. Measure the pressure of the heat transfer fluid in accordance with the general guidelines given in ASHRAE Standard 41.3, Standard Method for Pressure Measurement.4 6.6 Standard of Thermal Energy Measurements. Thermal energy transferred to or removed from the test panel during the measurements at a test point may be directly measured by a thermal energy-measuring instrument that is calibrated according to ANSI\/A… 6.6 Standard of Thermal Energy Measurements. Thermal energy transferred to or removed from the test panel during the measurements at a test point may be directly measured by a thermal energy-measuring instrument that is calibrated according to ANSI\/A… 7. STANDARD TEST SETUP AND THE EQUIPMENT 7. STANDARD TEST SETUP AND THE EQUIPMENT 7.1 Test Room. The testing facility shall be equipped with an air-conditioned test room capable of accommodating the test chamber and carrying out the tests. The test room shall also accommodate the necessary testing, recording, and measuring instrum… 7.1 Test Room. The testing facility shall be equipped with an air-conditioned test room capable of accommodating the test chamber and carrying out the tests. The test room shall also accommodate the necessary testing, recording, and measuring instrum… 7.2 Test Chamber. Test panels shall be subjected to test in a test chamber that is located in the test room. The test chamber shall satisfy the following requirements. 7.2 Test Chamber. Test panels shall be subjected to test in a test chamber that is located in the test room. The test chamber shall satisfy the following requirements. TABLE 1 Specifications about the Accuracy and Precision of Measuring Instruments TABLE 1 Specifications about the Accuracy and Precision of Measuring Instruments <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | Figure 1 Typical interior surface temperature control panels (hydronic). Figure 1 Typical interior surface temperature control panels (hydronic). TABLE 2 Design Factors for Control Panels TABLE 2 Design Factors for Control Panels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 7.3 Installation of Test Panels in the Test Chamber 7.3 Installation of Test Panels in the Test Chamber Figure 2 Standard test graph. Figure 2 Standard test graph. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 8. METHOD OF CONDUCTING A STANDARD TEST 8. METHOD OF CONDUCTING A STANDARD TEST 8.1 Test Requirements. Several conditions are required in order to start, conduct, and complete a successful test. All conditions must be satisfied to consider a test to be successful. 8.1 Test Requirements. Several conditions are required in order to start, conduct, and complete a successful test. All conditions must be satisfied to consider a test to be successful. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 8.2 Starting a Test. A sensible heating test shall start from the test point with the lowest average fluid temperature determined for the given test (Section 8.1.2.1.1). A sensible cooling test shall start from the test point with the highest average… 8.2 Starting a Test. A sensible heating test shall start from the test point with the lowest average fluid temperature determined for the given test (Section 8.1.2.1.1). A sensible cooling test shall start from the test point with the highest average… 8.3 Conducting a Test. Tests shall be conducted by taking measurements at all test points successfully. All steady-state measurements at a test point shall be completed within a time period not to exceed 300 s. The test shall proceed from the first t… 8.3 Conducting a Test. Tests shall be conducted by taking measurements at all test points successfully. All steady-state measurements at a test point shall be completed within a time period not to exceed 300 s. The test shall proceed from the first t… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 8.4 Ending a Test 8.4 Ending a Test 9. PROCESSING TEST DATA 9. PROCESSING TEST DATA 9.1 Heat Flux at the Thermally Effective Panel Surface(s). Heat flux at the thermally effective panel surface(s) shall be calculated at every test point. 9.1 Heat Flux at the Thermally Effective Panel Surface(s). Heat flux at the thermally effective panel surface(s) shall be calculated at every test point. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 9.2 Calculation of AUST in the Test Chamber. Calculate AUST by including all interior surfaces of the test chamber exposed directly to thermally effective panel surfaces. 9.2 Calculation of AUST in the Test Chamber. Calculate AUST by including all interior surfaces of the test chamber exposed directly to thermally effective panel surfaces. 9.3 Calculation of the Mean Radiant Temperature in the Test Chamber. Calculate tmr in terms of interior surface temperatures of walls and the floor, portion(s) of the ceiling surfaces that are not obstructed by test panel(s), and temperatures of the … 9.3 Calculation of the Mean Radiant Temperature in the Test Chamber. Calculate tmr in terms of interior surface temperatures of walls and the floor, portion(s) of the ceiling surfaces that are not obstructed by test panel(s), and temperatures of the … 9.4 Calculation of Operative Temperature in the Test Chamber, to. Calculate to as the arithmetic average of ta and tmr . 9.4 Calculation of Operative Temperature in the Test Chamber, to. Calculate to as the arithmetic average of ta and tmr . 9.5 Calculation of the Characteristic Performance Coefficients of the Test Panel. Three characteristic performance equations shall be determined for three separate definitions of the temperature difference Dt. Negative signs designate the sensible co… 9.5 Calculation of the Characteristic Performance Coefficients of the Test Panel. Three characteristic performance equations shall be determined for three separate definitions of the temperature difference Dt. Negative signs designate the sensible co… 9.6 Pressure Drop in the Test Panel. At a given test point, pressure drop in the heat transfer fluid circulating in the test panels shall be recorded for documentation purposes only. Pressure drop is the difference between the fluid pressure measurem… 9.6 Pressure Drop in the Test Panel. At a given test point, pressure drop in the heat transfer fluid circulating in the test panels shall be recorded for documentation purposes only. Pressure drop is the difference between the fluid pressure measurem… 9.7 Graphical Representation of Test Results. Processed test data shall be presented on a logarithmic graph with temperature differences on the abscissa and qad on the ordinate. Information boxes shall provide information about every test point. Test… 9.7 Graphical Representation of Test Results. Processed test data shall be presented on a logarithmic graph with temperature differences on the abscissa and qad on the ordinate. Information boxes shall provide information about every test point. Test… 9.8 Calculation of the Panel Thermal Resistance. Thermal resistance of a test panel between the fluid of the test panel and the indoor space shall be calculated by using Equation 20. 9.8 Calculation of the Panel Thermal Resistance. Thermal resistance of a test panel between the fluid of the test panel and the indoor space shall be calculated by using Equation 20. 10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR THE STANDARD TEST 10. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR THE STANDARD TEST 11. REPORTING STANDARD TEST RESULTS 11. REPORTING STANDARD TEST RESULTS 11.1 Standard Test Report. After the successful completion and acceptance of a test, a written test report is prepared. If the test was not successfully completed, a short report with reason(s) for terminating the test shall be prepared. If the test … 11.1 Standard Test Report. After the successful completion and acceptance of a test, a written test report is prepared. If the test was not successfully completed, a short report with reason(s) for terminating the test shall be prepared. If the test … 11.2 Content of the Standard Test Report. The test report for a successful test shall describe the objective, descriptions of the test panel, number of identical test panels, test data, calculations, results, uncertainty of the test results, and any … 11.2 Content of the Standard Test Report. The test report for a successful test shall describe the objective, descriptions of the test panel, number of identical test panels, test data, calculations, results, uncertainty of the test results, and any … <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | TABLE 3 Content of the Standard Test Report TABLE 3 Content of the Standard Test Report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 12. REFERENCES 12. REFERENCES NORMATIVE ANNEX A\u2014 Adjustment of Panel Heat Flux NORMATIVE ANNEX A\u2014 Adjustment of Panel Heat Flux TABLE A1 Standard Test Factors and Permissible Deviations TABLE A1 Standard Test Factors and Permissible Deviations TABLE A2 Adjustments to Natural Convection Heat Flux* TABLE A2 Adjustments to Natural Convection Heat Flux* <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | NORMATIVE ANNEX B\u2014 Line Fitting by the Method of Least Squares NORMATIVE ANNEX B\u2014 Line Fitting by the Method of Least Squares INFORMATIVE ANNEX C\u2014 Uncertainty Analysis of Panel Heat Flux INFORMATIVE ANNEX C\u2014 Uncertainty Analysis of Panel Heat Flux INFORMATIVE ANNEX D\u2014 Calculating the Approximate Thermal Efficiency of the Test Panel INFORMATIVE ANNEX D\u2014 Calculating the Approximate Thermal Efficiency of the Test Panel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | INFORMATIVE ANNEX E\u2014 Provisions for Electric Panels and calibration of the Test chamber INFORMATIVE ANNEX E\u2014 Provisions for Electric Panels and calibration of the Test chamber E1. Evaluating Test Panels E1. Evaluating Test Panels E2. Calibration Testing of the Test Chamber E2. Calibration Testing of the Test Chamber <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ASHRAE Standard 138-2009 Method of Testing for Rating Ceiling Panels for Sensible Heating and Cooling (ANSI\/ASHRAE Approved)<\/b><\/p>\n |