IEEE C57.13-2016

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IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	2016

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. Electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics are covered, taking into consideration certain safety features, for current and inductively coupled voltage transformers of types generally used in the measurement of electricity and the control of equipment associated with the generation, transmission, and distribution of alternating current. The aim is to provide a basis for performance and interchangeability of equipment covered and to assist in the proper selection of such equipment. Safety precautions are also addressed. Accuracy classes for metering service are provided. The test code covers measurement and calculation of ratio and phase angle, demagnetization, impedance and excitation measurements, polarity determination, resistance measurements, short-time characteristics, temperature rise tests, dielectric tests, and measurement of open-circuit voltage of current transformers.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	IEEE Std C57.13™-2016 Front cover
2	Title page
4	Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents
7	Participants
9	Introduction
10	Contents
12	IMPORTANT NOTICES 1. Overview 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose
13	2. Normative references 3. Definitions
14	4. General requirements 4.1 Service conditions 4.1.1 Unusual temperature and altitude service conditions 4.1.1.1 30 ºC average ambient temperature 4.1.1.2 55 ºC average ambient temperature 4.1.2 Unusual temperature and altitude service conditions
15	4.1.3 Other conditions that may affect design and application 4.2 Effect of air density on flashover voltage
16	4.3 Frequency 4.4 Effect of altitude on temperature rise and effect of ambient temperature on permissible loading 4.4.1 Loading of current transformers at less than rated current at high altitudes 4.4.2 Operation of current transformers at other than 30 °C ambient temperature
17	4.4.3 Loading of voltage transformers at higher altitudes or higher ambient temperatures 4.5 Basic impulse insulation levels, dielectric tests, and outdoor instrument transformer creepage distance and wet test
20	4.6 Temperature rise
21	4.7 Capacitance and dissipation factor requirements 4.8 Classification of tests
22	4.8.1 Test requirements
23	4.8.2 Special tests for gas-filled instrument transformers 4.8.3 Other tests 4.9 Construction 4.9.1 Polarity and terminal marking
24	4.9.2 Ground shield requirements 4.9.3 Symbols
26	5. Accuracy classes for metering 5.1 Basis for accuracy classes
27	5.2 Expression of transformer correction factor at 0.6 power factor (lagging) of metered load 5.3 Standard accuracy classes
28	5.4 Limiting values of ratio correction factor and phase angle for standard accuracy classes
31	6. Current transformers 6.1 Terms in which ratings shall be expressed 6.2 Standard burdens 6.3 Accuracy ratings for metering
32	6.3.1 Tapped-secondary or multiple-ratio current transformer accuracy rating
33	6.4 Accuracy ratings for relaying
34	6.4.1 Basis for relaying accuracy ratings 6.4.1.1 C classification 6.4.1.2 T classification 6.4.1.3 Secondary terminal voltage
35	6.4.1.4 X classification 6.4.1.5 Transient performance classifications 6.4.2 Tapped secondary or multi ratio current transformer 6.5 Continuous thermal current rating factors based on 30 °C average ambient air temperature 6.6 Short-time current ratings 6.6.1 Short-time mechanical current rating 6.6.2 Short-time thermal current rating
36	6.6.3 Short-time and continuous current ratings of window-type or bushing-type current transformers 6.7 Secondary winding-induced voltages 6.7.1 Operation with secondary circuit open 6.7.2 Induced voltage test
37	6.8 Nameplates 6.9 Terminals 6.10 Application data
38	6.10.1 Data for metering applications 6.10.2 Data for relaying applications
40	6.11 Routine accuracy tests
41	7. Voltage transformers 7.1 Terms in which ratings shall be expressed
45	7.2 Standard burdens
46	7.3 Accuracy ratings 7.3.1 Assignment of accuracy ratings 7.3.2 Accuracy classification for voltage transformers with two secondary windings or tapped secondary windings 7.4 Thermal burden ratings
47	7.5 Nameplates 7.6 Terminals 7.7 Short-circuit capability
48	7.8 Application data 7.9 Induced voltage test 7.10 Routine accuracy tests 8. Test procedures applicable to instrument transformers
49	8.1 Ratio and phase angle measurement and calculations 8.1.1 Uncertainty limits 8.1.2 General
50	8.1.3 Special considerations in calibration for metering purposes 8.2 Impedance, excitation, and composite error measurements 8.2.1 Impedance measurements
51	8.2.2 Impedance voltage 8.2.3 Exciting current and excitation loss measurements
52	8.2.3.1 Composite error measurements
53	8.2.4 Measurements for high magnetic flux densities 8.3 Polarity 8.3.1 Direct comparison of winding voltages
54	8.4 Resistance measurements
55	8.4.1 Voltmeter ammeter methods 8.4.2 Bridge methods
56	8.4.3 Reference temperature measurements 8.5 Dielectric tests 8.5.1 Factory dielectric tests 8.5.2 Dielectric tests by the user 8.5.3 Applied voltage tests
57	8.5.4 Induced voltage tests
58	8.6 Partial discharge measurement
59	8.6.1 Partial discharge measurement for voltage transformers for a nominal system voltage of 72 kV and below
60	8.6.2 Partial discharge measurement for current transformers for a nominal system voltage of 72 kV and below 9. Test procedures applicable to current transformers 9.1 Ratio and phase angle measurement and calculations 9.1.1 Accuracy calculations for current transformers
63	9.1.2 Calculation of current transformer performance from secondary excitation characteristics and equivalent circuits 9.1.2.1 Determination of current transformer turns ratio 9.1.2.2 Calculation of current transformer ratio error and phase angle
64	9.1.2.3 Calculation of current transformer composite error 9.1.3 Application of calculating methods to type C relaying accuracy current transformers 9.2 Demagnetization
65	9.3 Impedance measurements 9.3.1 Current transformer short-circuit impedance measurements
66	9.4 Polarity 9.4.1 Comparison with a transformer of known polarity
67	10. Test procedures applicable to voltage transformers 10.1 Ratio and phase angle measurement and calculations 10.1.1 Accuracy calculations for voltage transformers 10.1.2 Calculation of voltage transformer ratio and phase angle from known zero and rated burden data
69	10.2 Impedance measurements 10.2.1 Voltage transformer short-circuit impedance measurements
70	10.3 Polarity 10.3.1 Comparison with a transformer of known polarity
71	11. Type test procedures applicable to instrument transformers 11.1 Short-time characteristics 11.1.1 Short-time mechanical rating tests 11.1.2 Thermal short-time rating calculations
73	11.2 Temperature rise tests 11.2.1 General 11.2.2 Ambient or cooling air temperature
74	11.2.3 Temperature rise measurements
75	11.2.4 Determination of winding temperature at time of shutdown 11.2.5 Determination of average temperature by the resistance method 11.2.6 Determination of temperature rise from temperature measurements 11.2.7 Correction of observed temperature rise for variation in altitude
76	11.3 Impulse tests 11.3.1 Impulse test sequence 11.3.1.1 Wave to be used 11.3.1.2 Reduced full-wave test 11.3.1.3 Chopped-wave test 11.3.1.4 Full-wave test
77	11.3.1.5 Current transformer connections for impulse test 11.3.1.6 Voltage transformer connections for impulse test 11.3.1.7 Detection of failure during impulse test
78	11.4 Partial discharge measurement
79	11.5 Wet voltage withstand tests 11.5.1 Switching impulse voltage test on the primary winding 11.5.2 Power frequency voltage withstand test
80	11.6 Ground shield check—72kV class and above 12. Type test procedures applicable to current transformers 12.1 Short-time thermal rating of current transformers
81	12.2 Current transformer temperature rise tests 12.3 Inter-turn overvoltage test
82	13. Type test procedures applicable to voltage transformers 13.1 Short-circuit thermal capability of voltage transformers
83	13.2 Voltage transformer temperature rise tests
84	Annex A (informative) Bibliography
87	Annex B (normative) Bushing-type current transformer (BCT) and special purpose window type current transformers B.1 Introduction B.2 Scope B.3 General requirements B.3.1 Accuracy ratings
89	B.4 Continuous thermal ratings B.4.1 Ambient temperature B.4.2 Insulation class B.4.3 Limits of temperature rise
90	B.4.4 Rating factor (RF)
91	B.5 Short-time ratings B.6 Dielectric consideration B.7 Construction B.7.1 Polarity
92	B.7.2 Secondary leads B.7.3 Winding and tap arrangements B.7.4 Finish
93	B.7.5 Nameplates B.8 Routine tests
94	B.9 Type tests B.10 Installation B.10.1 Installation of an external slip-over BCT
95	B.11 Field tests B.12 Bushing linear coupler (BLC)
96	Back cover