IEEE 241 1991

$91.54

IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IEEE	1991	613

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Description

Revision Standard – Active. This IEEE Standards product is part of the Color Books family. A guide and general reference on electrical design for commercial buildings is provided. It covers load characteristics; voltage considerations; power sources and distribution systems; power distribution apparatus; controllers; services, vaults, and electrical equipment rooms; wiring systems; systems protection and coordination; lighting; electric space conditioning; transportation; communication systems planning; facility automation; expansion, modernization, and rehabilitation; special requirements by occupancy; and electrical energy management. Although directed to the power oriented engineer with limited commercial building experience, it can be an aid to all engineers responsible for the electrical design of commercial buildings. This recommended practice is not intended to be a complete handbook; however, it can direct the engineer to texts, periodicals, and references for commercial buildings and act as a guide through the myriad of codes, standards, and practices published by the IEEE, other professional associations, and governmental bodies.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Title Page
4	Introduction Participants
7	CONTENTS
15	1. Introduction 1.1. Scope
17	1.2. Commercial Buildings
18	1.3. The Industry Applications Society (IAS)
19	1.4. IEEE Publications 1.5. Professional Registration
20	1.6. Codes and Standards
22	1.7. Handbooks
23	1.8. Periodicals
24	1.9. Manufacturers’ Data 1.10. Safety
25	1.11. Maintenance
26	1.12. Design Considerations
29	1.13. Estimating
30	1.14. Contracts 1.15. Building Access and Loading 1.16. Contractor Performance
31	1.17. Environmental Considerations 1.18. Technical Files
32	1.19. Electronic Systems 1.20. Power Supply Disturbances
33	1.21. Definitions
38	1.22. References
39	2. Load Characteristics 2.1. General Discussion
45	2.2. Load Characteristics
54	2.3. Electromagnetic Hazards, Pollution, and Environmental Quality
55	2.4. Additions to Existing Systems
56	2.5. Total Load Considerations
60	2.6. Example- Sample Partial Load Calculation for an Office Building
63	2.7. References
64	3. Voltage Considerations 3.1. General Discussion
68	3.2. Voltage Control in Electric Power Systems
77	3.3. Voltage Selection
79	3.4. Voltage Ratings for Utilization Equipment
80	3.5. Effect of Voltage Variation on Utilization Equipment
84	3.6. Calculations of Voltage Drops
96	3.7. Improvement of Voltage Conditions
97	3.8. Voltage-Drop Considerations in Locating the Low-Voltage Power Source 3.9. Momentary Voltage Variations- Voltage Dips
99	3.10. Calculation of Voltage Dips
101	3.11. Phase Voltage Unbalance in Three-Phase Systems
105	3.12. Harmonic Voltages
107	3.13. Transient Overvoltages
108	3.14. References
109	3.15. Bibliography 4. Power Sources and Distribution Systems 4.1. General Discussion 4.2. Electric Power Supply
115	4.3. Interrelated Utility and Project Factors That Influence Design
116	4.4. Electric Utility Metering and Billing
121	4.5. Transformer Connections
122	4.6. Principal Transformer Secondary Connections
123	4.7. System Grounding
125	4.8. Distribution Circuit Arrangements
138	4.9. Emergency and Standby Power Systems
144	4.10. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems
158	4.11. Voltage Regulation and Power Factor Correction 4.12. System Reliability Analysis
159	4.13. References
161	5. Power Distribution Apparatus 5.1. General Discussion
162	5.2. Transformers
171	5.3. Medium- and High-Voltage Fuses
176	5.4. Metal -Enclosed 5-34.5 kV Interrupter Switchgear
177	5.5. Metal-Clad 5-34.5 kV Circuit Breaker Switchgear
179	5.6. Metal-Enclosed, Low-Voltage 600 V Power Switchgear and Circuit Breakers
181	5.7. Metal-Enclosed Distribution Switchboards
182	5.8. Primary-Unit Substations 5.9. Secondary-Unit Substations
183	5.10. Panelboards
185	5.11. Molded-Case Circuit Breakers
186	5.12. Low-Voltage Fuses
190	5.13. Service Protectors 5.14. Enclosed Switches
191	5.15. Bolted Pressure Switches and High-Pressure Contact Switches
192	5.16. Network Protectors
193	5.17. Lightning and System Transient Protection
195	5.18. Load Transfer Devices
199	5.19. Interlock Systems 5.20. Remote Control Contactors
202	5.21. Equipment Ratings 5.22. References
204	5.23. Bibliography
205	6. Controllers 6.1. General Discussion
206	6.2. Starting
211	6.3. Protection
214	6.4. Special Features
215	6.5. Control Systems
218	6.6. Low-Voltage Starters and Controllers
220	6.7. Multiple-Speed Controllers
221	6.8. Fire Pump Controllers 6.9. Medium-Voltage Starters and Controllers
222	6.10. Synchronous Motor Starters 6.11. DC Motor Controls 6.12. Pilot Devices
225	6.13. Speed Control of DC Motors
226	6.14. Speed Control of AC Motors
227	6.15. Power System Harmonics from Adjustable Speed Motor Controls 6.16. References 7. Services, Vaults, And Electrical Equipment Rooms 7.1. Incoming Lines and Service Laterals
231	7.2. Service Entrance Installations
237	7.3. Vaults and Pads for Service Equipment
238	7.4. Network Vaults for High-Rise Buildings
241	7.5. Service Rooms and Electrical Closets
242	7.6. References 8. Wiring Systems 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Cable Systems
243	8.3. Cable Construction
253	8.4. Cable Outer Finishes
257	8.5. Cable Ratings
263	8.6. Installation
270	8.7. Connectors
274	8.8. Terminations
282	8.9. Splicing Devices and Techniques
285	8.10. Grounding of Cable Systems
286	8.11. Protection from Transient Overvoltage 8.12. Testing
291	8.13. Locating Cable Faults
294	8.14. Cable Specification 8.15. Busway
295	8.16. Busway Construction
296	8.17. Feeder Busway
297	8.18. Plug-in Busway
298	8.19. Lighting Busway
299	8.20. Trolley Busway 8.21. Standards
300	8.22. Selection and Application of Busways
305	8.23. Layout
307	8.24. Installation
308	8.25. Field Testing 8.26. Busways Over 600 V (Metal-Enclosed Bus)
310	8.27. References
311	8.28. Bibliography
312	9. System Protection and Coordination 9.1. General Discussion
322	9.2. Short-Circuit Calculations
324	9.3. Selection of Equipment
325	9.4. Basis of Short-Circuit Current Calculations
327	9.5. Details of Short-Circuit Current Calculations
358	9.6. Method of Reducing the Available Short-Circuit Current
362	9.7. Selective Coordination
376	9.8. Fuses
391	9.9. Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers 9.10. Ground-Fault Protection
393	9.11. References
394	9.12. Bibliography
395	10. Lighting 10.1. General Discussion
396	10.2. Lighting Terminology
398	10.3. Illumination Quality
401	10.4. Illumination Quantity
403	10.5. Light Sources
409	10.6. Ballasts
412	10.7. Luminaries
415	10.8. Lighting Application Techniques
432	10.9. Control of Lighting
437	10.10. Lighting Maintenance 10.11. Voltage
439	10.12. Power Factor 10.13. Temperature
440	10.14. Ballast Sound
441	10.15. Lighting Economics
443	10.16. Illuminance Calculations 10.17. Lighting and Thermal Considerations
445	10.18. References
446	11. Electric Space Conditioning 11.1. General Discussion 11.2. Primary Source of Heat
451	11.3. Energy Conservation
454	11.4. Definitions
455	11.5. References
456	12. Transportation 12.1. General Discussion
457	12.2. Types of Transportation
462	12.3. Elevator Control, Motors, and Motor Generators
465	12.4. Elevator Horsepower and Efficiency
466	12.5. Elevator Energy Consumption and Heat Release 12.6. Elevator Conductors and Diversity Factor
469	12.7. Elevator Operation
470	12.8. Quality of Elevator Performance
471	12.9. Elevator Doors and Automatic Door Operation
472	12.10. Group Supervisory Control 12.11. Specification of Elevator Plant
475	12.12. Regenerated Energy
476	12.13. Standby Power Operation of Elevators
477	12.14. Operation of Elevators During Fire Conditions
478	12.15. Emergency Signals and Communications 12.16. Car Lighting 12.17. References
479	13. Communication and Signal System Planning 13.1. General Discussion
482	13.2. Telephone Facilities
486	13.3. Data Facilities
490	13.4. Fire Alarm Systems
491	13.5. Security and Access Control Systems 13.6. Audio Communications Systems
494	13.7. Image Communication Systems
495	13.8. Nurse Call Systems
496	13.9. Pocket Paging Systems 13.10. References
497	14. Facility Automation 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Functions
498	14.3. Establishment of System Requirements
499	14.4. System Description and Equipment
501	14.5. Central Monitoring and Control Equipment
504	14.6. HVAC and Energy Management
509	14.7. Fire Management
512	14.8. Security
513	14.9. Transportation and Traffic 14.10. Pollution and Hazardous Waste
514	14.11. Electric Systems
515	14.12. Mechanical Utilities
516	14.13. Communications 14.14. Miscellaneous Systems
518	14.15. FAS Design and Installation
522	14.16. Training
523	14.17. Maintenance and Operation
525	14.18. References
526	14.19. Bibliography
527	15. Expansion, Modernization, and Rehabilitation 15.1. General Discussion 15.2. Preliminary Study
532	15.3. Design Considerations
535	15.4. Retaining Old Service Equipment
536	15.5. Completely New Service Equipment 15.6. Additional New Service Point
537	15.7. Voltage Transformation 15.8. Distribution of Power to Main Switchboards
538	15.9. Existing Plans
539	15.10. Scheduling and Service Continuity
545	15.11. Wiring Methods
546	15.12. References 16. Special Requirements by Occupancy 16.1. General Discussion
547	16.2. Auditoriums
548	16.3. Automobile Areas
550	16.4. Banks
551	16.5. Brokerage Offices 16.6. Places of Worship
552	16.7. Athletic and Social Clubs
553	16.8. Colleges and Universities
554	16.9. Computer Centers
555	16.10. Department Stores
557	16.11. Fire Stations
558	16.12. Gymnasiums 16.13. Health Care Facilities
563	16.14. Hotels
565	16.15. Libraries 16.16. Museums 16.17. Newspaper Buildings
566	16.18. Office Buildings
571	16.19. Parks and Playgrounds 16.20. Piers, Docks, and Boat Marinas 16.21. Police Stations
572	16.22. Prisons
573	16.23. Radio Stations
574	16.24. Recreation Centers 16.25. Residential Occupancies (Commercial)
575	16.26. Restaurants
576	16.27. Schools (Kindergarten Through 12th Grade) 16.28. Shopping Centers
577	16.29. Supermarkets
578	16.30. Swimming Pools and Fountains 16.31. Telephone Buildings
579	16.32. Television Studios 16.33. Theaters
580	16.34. Transportation Terminals
584	16.35. References
585	16.36. Bibliography 17. Electrical Energy Management 17.1. Energy Management Requirements
586	17.2. Energy Conservation Opportunities
587	17.3. The Energy Management Process
589	17.4. Lighting
598	17.5. Calculating Energy Savings
603	17.6. Load Management
605	17.7. efficiencies of Electrical Equipment
607	17.8. Metering
609	17.9. Operations
610	17.10. Energy Conservation Equipment
612	17.11. References 17.12. Bibliography
613	17.13. Projects