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BSI PD IEC TS 62903:2023

BSI PD IEC TS 62903:2023

$198.66

Ultrasonics. Measurements of electroacoustical parameters and acoustic output power of spherically curved transducers using the self-reciprocity method

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 54
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 INTRODUCTION
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
15 4 Symbols
16 5 General
17 6 Requirements of the measurement system
6.1 Apparatus configuration
6.2 Measurement water tank
6.3 Fixing, positioning and orientation systems
6.4 Reflector
6.5 Current monitor (probe)
18 6.6 Oscilloscope
6.7 Measurement hydrophone
7 Measurement of the effective half-aperture of the spherically curved transducer
7.1 Setup
7.2 Alignment and positioning of the hydrophone in the field
7.3 Measurements of the beamwidth and the effective half-aperture
19 7.4 Calculations of the focus half-angle and the effective area
8 Measurements of the electroacoustical parameters and the acoustic output power
8.1 Self-reciprocity method for transducer calibration
8.1.1 Experimental procedures
8.1.2 Criterion for checking the linearity of the focused field
20 8.1.3 Criterion for checking the reciprocity of the transducer
8.2 Calculations of the transmitting response to current (voltage) and voltage sensitivity
8.3 Calculations of the transmitting response at geometric focus to current (voltage)
21 8.4 Calculation of the pulse-echo sensitivity level
8.5 Measurements of the radiation conductance and the mechanical quality factor Qm
8.5.1 Calculations of the acoustic output power and the radiation conductance
8.5.2 Measurement of the frequency response of the radiation conductance
8.6 Measurement of the electroacoustic efficiency
8.6.1 Calculation of the electric input power
22 8.6.2 Calculation of the electroacoustic efficiency
8.7 Measurement of the electric impedance (admittance)
9 Measurement uncertainty
23 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Relation of the average amplitude reflection coefficient on a plane interface of water-stainless steel and the focus half-angle for a normally incident beam of a circular spherically curved transducer [6],[7]
24 Tables
Table A.1 – Parameters used in calculation of the average amplitude reflection coefficient
Table A.2 – Amplitude reflection coefficient r(θi) on a plane interface of water-stainless steel for plane wave for various incident angles θi
25 Figures
Figure A.1 – Relation curve of the amplitude reflection coefficient r(θi) on the interface of water-stainless steel for a plane wave with the incident angle θi
Table A.3 – Average amplitude reflection coefficient rav(β) on plane interface of water-stainless steel in the geometric focal plane of a spherically curved transducer for various focus half-angles β
26 Figure A.2 – Average amplitude reflection coefficient rav(β) on the plane interface of water-stainless steel in the geometric focal plane of a spherically curved transducer plotted against the focus half-angle β
27 Annex B (informative) Diffraction correction coefficient Gsf in the free-field self-reciprocity calibration method for circular spherically curved transducers in water neglecting attenuation [7],[8],[9]
Table B.1 – Diffraction correction coefficients Gsf of a circular spherically curved transducer in the self-reciprocity calibration method [7],[8],[9]
29 Annex C (informative) Calculation of the diffraction correction coefficient Gsf(R/λ,β) in the free-field self-reciprocity calibration in a non-attenuating medium for a circular spherically curved transducer [7],[8],[9],[10]
Figure C.1 – Geometry of the concave radiating surface A of a spherically curved transducer and its virtual image surface A′ for their symmetry of mirror-images about the geometric focal plane (x,y,0)
32 Annex D (informative) Speed of sound and attenuation in water
D.1 General
D.2 Speed of sound for propagation in water [14]
D.3 Acoustic attenuation coefficient for propagation in water
Table D.1 – Dependence of speed of sound in water on temperature
33 Table D.2 – Dependence of α /f 2 in water on temperature
34 Annex E (informative) Principle of reciprocity calibration for spherically curved transducers [7],[8],[9],[16],[17],[18],[19]
E.1 Principle of reciprocity calibration for an ideal spherically focused field of a transducer
35 E.2 Principle of reciprocity calibration of a real spherically focused field of a transducer
E.3 Self-reciprocity calibration of a spherically curved transducer
36 Figure E.1 – Spherical coordinates
37 Figure E.2 – Function Ga(kasinθ), diffraction pattern F0(kasinθ) andF02(kasinθ) in the geometric focal plane [10]
38 Table E.1 – Ga values dependent on kasinθ for β ≤ 45° where x = kasinθ (according to O’Neil [10])
39 Table E.2 – The (R/λ)min values dependent on β when θmax ≥ and β ≤ 45° for Ga = 0,94; 0,95; 0,96; 0,97; 0,98; 0,99
40 Annex F (informative) Experimental arrangements
F.1 Experimental arrangement for determining the effective radius of a transducer [7],[8],[9],[24]
F.2 Experimental arrangement of the self-reciprocity calibration method for a spherically curved transducer [8],[9],[24],[25]
Figure F.1 – Scheme of the measurement apparatus for determining the effective half-aperture of a transducer
41 Figure F.2 – Scheme of free-field self-reciprocity method applied to a spherically curved transducer
42 Annex G (informative) Relationships between the electroacoustical parameters used in this application [24]
G.1 Relationship between the free-field transmitting response to voltage (current) and the voltage sensitivity with the radiation conductance
43 G.2 Relationship between the radiation conductance and the electroacoustic efficiency
G.3 Relationship between the transmitting response and voltage and acoustic output power
G.4 Relationship between the pulse echo sensitivity and the radiation conductance
44 Annex H (informative) Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in the measurements of the radiation conductance
H.1 Executive standard
H.2 Evaluation of uncertainty in the measurement of the radiation conductance
H.2.1 Mathematical expression
H.2.2 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty
45 H.2.3 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty
46 Table H.1 – Type B evaluation of the standard uncertainties (SU) of input quantities in measurement
47 H.2.4 Evaluation of the combined standard uncertainty for the radiation conductance
49 Table H.2 – Components of the standard uncertainty for the measurement of the radiation conductance using the self-reciprocity method
50 Table H.3 – The measurement results and evaluated data of uncertainty for five transducers
51 Annex I (informative) Measurement range for power and pressure and examples of electroacoustical parameters obtained
I.1 Measurement range of acoustic pressure and power
I.1.1 Lower limit of acoustic power
I.1.2 Upper limit of pressure [27]
Figure I.1 – The acoustic power as the function of the excitation voltage squared for a 10 MHz spherically curved transducer with backing of diameter 8 mm and curvature 25 mm
52 I.2 Calibrated example of electroacoustical parameters
I.2.1 1 MHz focusing transducer with air backing of diameter 80 mm and focal length 200 mm
Figure I.2 – Results of a 1 MHz focusing transducer with a diameter of 60 mm and focal length of 75 mm measured using the self-reciprocity method
Figure I.3 – Frequency responses of G, |SIf|, |M|, ηa/e for a 1 MHz spherical transducer of diameter 80 mm and focal length 200 mm
53 I.2.2 5 MHz focusing transducer with air backing of diameter 20 mm and focal length 20 mm
Figure I.4 – Frequency responses of G, |SIf|, |M|, ηa/e for a 5 MHz spherical transducer of diameter 20 mm and focal length 20 mm

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BSI PD IEC TS 62903:2023
$198.66