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BSI PD IEC TS 62600-3:2020

BSI PD IEC TS 62600-3:2020

$215.11

Marine energy. Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Measurement of mechanical loads

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2020 96
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This part of IEC 62600 describes the measurement of mechanical loads on hydrodynamic marine energy converters such as wave, tidal and other water current converters (including river current converters) for the purpose of load simulation model validation and certification. This document contains the requirements and recommendations for the measurement of mechanical loads for such activities as site selection, measurand selection, data acquisition, calibration, data verification, measurement load cases, capture matrix, post-processing, uncertainty determination and reporting.

Informative annexes are also provided to improve understanding of testing methods. The methods described in this document can also be used for mechanical loads measurements for other purposes such as obtaining a measured statistical representation of loads, direct measurements of the design loads, safety and function testing, or measurement of subsystem or component structural loads.

Through a technology qualification process, the test requirements can be adapted to the specific marine energy converter.

This document also defines the requirements for full-scale structural testing of subsystems or parts with a special focus on full-scale structural testing of marine energy converter rotor blades and for the interpretation and evaluation of achieved test results. This document focuses on aspects of testing related to an evaluation of the structural integrity of the blade. The purpose of the tests is to confirm to an acceptable level of probability that the whole installed production of a blade type fulfils the design assumptions.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
10 FOREWORD
12 INTRODUCTION
13 1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 Subdivision of marine energy converter types
14 Figures
Figure 1 – General scheme of marine energy converters fixed to the seabed or shore
15 Figure 2 – General scheme of floating marine energy converters moored to the seabed or shore
Figure 3 – Marine energy converter with blades connected to a rotor shaft supported by a fixed substructure
16 2 Normative references
Figure 4 – Marine energy converter with blades connected to a rotor shaft supported by a floating device
17 3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
18 4.2 Greek symbols
19 4.3 Subscripts
4.4 Abbreviated terms
5 General
5.1 Document structure
20 5.2 Safety during testing
5.3 Technology qualification
5.4 Load measurement
6 Test requirements
6.1 General
21 6.2 Test site requirements all WEC and CEC
6.3 Subsystem or structural component laboratory load testing
6.4 Measurement load cases all WEC and CEC
6.4.1 General
22 6.4.2 MLCs during steady-state operation
23 6.4.3 MLCs during transient events
6.4.4 MLCs for dynamic characterization
Tables
Table 1 – MLCs during steady-state operation
Table 2 – Measurement of transient load cases
24 6.4.5 MLC for abnormal operating condition
6.4.6 Capture matrices
Table 3 – MLCs for dynamic characterization
25 6.5 Measurement load cases for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 MLCs for dynamic characterization
Table 4 – Capture matrix for parked condition
Table 5 – Capture matrix for normal transient events
Table 6 – Capture matrix for other than normal transient events
26 6.5.3 Capture matrices
Table 7 – MLCs for dynamic characterization
Table 8 – Capture matrix for parked condition
27 6.6 Quantities to be measured for all WEC and CEC
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Load quantities
28 6.6.3 Meteorological and oceanographic quantities
6.6.4 MEC operation quantities
Table 9 – All WEC and CEC load quantities
Table 10 – Oceanographic and meteorological quantities
29 6.7 Quantities to be measured for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
6.7.1 General
Table 11 – MEC operation quantities
30 6.7.2 Load quantities
6.7.3 Oceanographic and meteorological quantities
6.7.4 MEC operation quantities
Figure 5 – Turbine loads: rotor, blade and base of tubular column loads
Table 12 – MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft load quantities
31 6.8 MEC configuration changes
7 Instrumentation
7.1 Load quantities for all WEC and CEC
7.1.1 General
Table 13 – MEC with blades connected to a rotor shaft operation quantities
32 7.1.2 Types of sensors
7.1.3 Choice of sensor location
7.1.4 The connection between prime mover and PTO
33 7.1.5 The connection between PTO and substructure and/or foundation
7.1.6 The connection between PTO and floating device
7.1.7 Measurement of station keeping loads
7.1.8 Prime mover absolute and relative position
34 7.1.9 PTO absolute and relative position
7.1.10 Substructure or floating device absolute and relative position
7.1.11 Water pressure measurements
7.2 Operation quantities for all WEC and CEC
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Electrical power
35 7.2.3 Hydraulic power
7.2.4 Generator speed
7.2.5 Brake moment or force
7.2.6 MEC status
7.2.7 Brake status
7.2.8 Draft or freeboard measurement
7.3 Load quantities for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Blade root bending moments
36 7.3.3 Blade bending moment distribution
7.3.4 Blade torsion frequency/damping
7.3.5 Rotor yaw and tilt moment
7.3.6 Rotor torque
7.3.7 Tubular column bending
37 7.3.8 Darrieus style rotor bending
7.3.9 PTO and blade absolute and relative position
7.4 Operation quantities for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Rotor speed or generator speed
7.4.3 Yaw misalignment
7.4.4 Rotor azimuth angle
7.4.5 Pitch position
38 7.4.6 Pitch speed
7.4.7 Brake moment
7.5 Oceanographic and meteorological quantities
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Measurement and installation requirements
7.5.3 Sea or river ice loads and ice accretion
7.6 Data acquisition system (DAS)
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Resolution and sampling frequency
39 7.6.3 Anti-aliasing
8 Determination of calibration factors
8.1 Overview
8.2 General
40 8.3 Calibration of load channels for all WEC and CEC
8.4 Calibration of non-load channels for all WEC and CEC
8.5 Calibration of load channels for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
8.5.1 General
41 8.5.2 Blade bending moments
Table 14 – Summary of suitable calibration methods
42 8.5.3 Main shaft moments
8.5.4 Tubular column bending moments
43 8.6 Calibration of non-load channels for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
8.6.1 Pitch angle
8.6.2 Rotor azimuth angle
8.6.3 Yaw angle
8.6.4 Oceanographic and meteorological
8.6.5 Brake moment or force
44 9 Data verification
9.1 Overview
9.2 General
9.3 Verification checks for all WEC and CEC
45 9.4 Verification checks for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Blade moments
46 9.4.3 Main rotor shaft
9.4.4 Tubular column
47 10 Processing of measured data
10.1 Overview
10.2 General
10.3 Load quantities
10.4 Current speed and/or sea state trend detection
48 10.5 Statistics
10.6 Rainflow counting
10.7 Cumulative rainflow spectrum
10.8 Damage equivalent load (DEL)
49 10.9 Current speed or wave energy flux binning
50 10.10 Power spectral density (PSD)
11 Uncertainty estimation
12 Reporting
54 Annex A (normative)Full-scale structural laboratory testing of rotor blades
A.1 General
A.2 Coordinate systems
55 Figure A.1 – Chordwise (flatwise, edgewise) coordinate system
56 A.3 General principles
A.3.1 Purpose of tests
Figure A.2 – Rotor (flapwise, lead-lag) coordinate system
57 A.3.2 Limit states
A.3.3 Practical constraints
A.3.4 Results of test
58 A.4 Documentation and procedures for test blade
A.5 Blade test program
A.5.1 Areas to be tested
59 A.5.2 Test program
Table A.1 – Blade test program
60 A.6 Test plans
A.6.1 General
A.6.2 Blade description
A.6.3 Loads and conditions
A.6.4 Instrumentation
A.6.5 Expected test results
61 A.7 Load factors for testing
A.7.1 General
A.7.2 Partial safety factors used in the design
A.7.3 Factors on materials
A.7.4 Partial factors on loads
62 A.7.5 Application of load factors to obtain the target load
Table A.2 – Recommended values for γef as a function of the reduction factor Hr
63 A.8 Test loading and test load evaluation
A.8.1 General
64 A.8.2 Influence of load introduction
A.8.3 Static load testing
65 A.8.4 Fatigue load testing
66 A.9 Test requirements
A.9.1 Test records
A.9.2 Instrumentation calibration
A.9.3 Measurement uncertainties
A.9.4 Root fixture and test stand requirements
67 A.9.5 Environmental conditions monitoring
A.9.6 Deterministic corrections
A.9.7 Static test
68 A.9.8 Fatigue test
A.9.9 Other blade property tests
69 A.10 Test results evaluation
A.10.1 General
A.10.2 Catastrophic failure
A.10.3 Permanent deformation, loss of stiffness or change in other blade properties
70 A.10.4 Superficial damage
A.10.5 Failure evaluation
A.11 Renewed testing
71 A.12 Reporting
A.12.1 General
A.12.2 Test report content
Table A.3 – Examples of situations typically requiring or not requiring renewed testing
72 A.12.3 Evaluation of test in relation to design requirements
73 Annex B (informative)Example coordinate systems for MECs with blades connected to a rotor shaft
B.1 General
B.2 Blade coordinate system
B.3 Hub coordinate system
Figure B.1 – Blade coordinate system
74 B.4 Nacelle coordinate system
Figure B.2 – Hub coordinate system
75 B.5 Tubular column coordinate system
Figure B.3 – Nacelle coordinate system
Figure B.4 – Tubular column coordinate system
76 B.6 Yaw misalignment
B.7 Cone angle and tilt angle
Figure B.5 – Yaw misalignment
Figure B.6 – Cone angle and tilt angle
77 B.8 Rotor azimuth angle
B.9 Blade pitch angle
78 Annex C (informative)Recommendations for design and testing of MECs with respect to ice loading and ice accretion
79 Annex D (informative)Offshore load measurements
D.1 General
D.2 Fibre optic strain sensors
80 D.3 Published experience
81 D.4 Operational sound
82 Annex E (informative)Uncertainty analysis
83 Table E.1 – List of uncertainty components
84 Annex F (informative)Load model validation
F.1 General
F.2 Methods for loads comparison
F.2.1 Statistical binning
85 F.2.2 Spectral functions
F.2.3 Fatigue spectra
F.2.4 Data point by data point
86 Annex G (informative)Formulation of test load for rotor blade testing
G.1 Static target load
G.2 Fatigue target load
87 Annex H (informative)Difference between design and test load condition for rotor blade testing
H.1 General
H.2 Load introduction
H.3 Bending moments and shear
Figure H.1 – Difference of moment distribution for target and actual test load
88 Figure H.2 – Distribution of the shear force as a function of the spanwise location for different numbers of load application point
Figure H.3 – Distribution of the bending moment as a function of the spanwise location for different numbers of load application points
89 H.4 Radial loads
H.5 Torsion loads
H.6 Environmental conditions
90 Annex I (informative)Influence of the number of load cycles on fatigue tests of rotor blades
I.1 General
I.2 Background
I.3 The approach used
Figure I.1 – Simplified Goodman diagram
93 Figure I.2 – Test load factor γef as a function of the reduction factor Hr
Table I.1 – Recommended values for γef as a function of the reduction factor Hr
94 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TS 62600-3:2020
$215.11