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BS ISO 20854:2019

BS ISO 20854:2019

$198.66

Thermal containers. Safety standard for refrigerating systems using flammable refrigerants. Requirements for design and operation

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2019 70
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This document describes the design of the mechanical refrigeration unit (MRU) and operation of container refrigerating systems in all anticipated operational modes and locations.

It describes the industry’s best practices for the safe operation of flammable refrigerants in refrigerating systems used in thermal freight containers operated on board ships, in terminals, on road, on rail and on land.

This document addresses the use of flammable refrigerants with classifications defined in ISO 817, defined as 2L, 2 and 3, except R717 (Ammonia).

This document describes an operational mode risk assessment (OMRA) which uses methods such as HAZOP (Hazard and operability analysis), FMEA (Failure mode and effects analysis), or FTA (Fault tree analysis) or combination of methods.

This document specifies requirements for the validation and consideration of possible safety concepts and protective devices within the OMRA process, including charge release tests, simulation, and function tests of the associated protective equipment. It defines test requirements for shock, impact, and vibration. A validation procedure is given to demonstrate that risks from hazardous events are investigated and their severity and frequency are meaningfully reduced, with the aim of achieving tolerable risk values.

The obligations of the manufacturer, the container owner as well as the responsible operator are described, as well as how stakeholders can investigate and mitigate risks associated with the use of flammable refrigerants.

Finally, this document describes the requirements of service and maintenance when working with flammable refrigerants.

This document is restricted to refrigerating systems integrated with or mounted on ISO thermal containers according to ISO 1496-2. It provides minimum requirements for reducing the risk associated with the use of flammable refrigerants.

The scope is limited to container refrigerating systems operated in conjunction with the carriage of refrigerated cargo as operating reefer (OR) or when used as a non-operating reefer (NOR) or when empty for positioning — while in intermodal transit. Static land-based continuous operations are excluded.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Foreword
8 Introduction
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
10 3 Terms and definitions
17 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Safety requirements for the design of container refrigerating systems
5.1 General
5.2 Significant hazards of the refrigerating system
18 5.3 Safety concept for container refrigerating systems
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Operational mode risk assessment
20 5.3.3 Tolerable risk
21 5.3.4 Flammable refrigerants
22 5.3.5 Protection against hazards
23 5.3.6 Validation of safety concept and protective devices
6 Design and construction of the refrigerating system
6.1 General
24 6.2 Components and piping of refrigerating systems with flammable refrigerant
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Components
6.2.3 External fire relief device
6.3 Assemblies
6.3.1 General
25 6.3.2 Components and joints
6.4 Interior of the thermal container
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Ventilation inside the container
6.4.3 Refrigerant detectors
6.4.4 Protection against hot surfaces
26 6.4.5 Electrical components
6.5 Outside electrical cabinet
6.6 Refrigerant charge
27 6.7 Alarm system
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Alarm system power
6.8 Testing
6.8.1 General
6.8.2 Protective device test
28 6.8.3 Vibration type-test
6.8.4 Shock and impact type test
6.8.5 Production test
29 6.9 Marking and documentation
6.9.1 General
6.9.2 Marking
30 6.9.3 Manuals and documentation
31 6.10 Certification
7 Design related requirements of the MRU manufacturer for safe service, maintenance, repair
32 7.1 Education and training
7.2 Safety instructions
7.3 Testing before operation
7.4 Maintenance and repair
33 8 General recommendations at operating sites
34 9 Safe operation at different operating sites
9.1 General
35 9.2 Operating sites
36 9.3 Significant hazards
37 9.4 Ventilating condition at operating sites
9.4.1 Requirements for operation in open air
9.4.2 Requirements for operation in well-ventilated areas
38 9.4.3 Requirements for operation in non-well-ventilated areas
39 9.4.4 Container operation in non-ventilated areas
9.5 Requirements for opening of container door and for packing and un-packing of goods
40 9.6 Electrical installations at operating sites
9.7 Operator instruction for handling of alarms
41 9.8 Accidents
9.8.1 Measures for accidents prevention
42 9.8.2 Measures after accidents
9.9 Operating instructions, manuals, guidelines at operating sites
9.10 Information in the manual related to operating sites
43 10 Servicing recommendations and requirements at operating sites
10.1 Operating sites with service activities
10.2 General
44 10.2.1 Instruction of personnel
10.2.2 General failure prevention
10.3 Repair and maintenance on the container structure
45 10.4 Repair and maintenance on the MRU including opening of the refrigerating system
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Instruction of personnel
46 10.4.3 Work area requirements
10.4.4 Inspection
10.4.5 System failures
47 10.4.6 Actions and procedure for repair and opening of the refrigerating system
49 10.4.7 Tools and equipment
50 10.4.8 Testing after repair
10.4.9 Failure prevention for repair and opening of the refrigerating system
10.4.10 Documentation
51 10.5 Handling, recovery, reuse and disposal of refrigerant
11 Decommissioning of the container refrigerating system
52 Annex A (informative) Definition of control volumes
53 Annex B (informative) Description of mechanisms to reduce risk
61 Annex C (normative) Information on leak types and leak mass flow
62 Annex D (normative) Useful equations for the calculation of ventilation environment
67 Bibliography

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BS ISO 20854:2019
$198.66