BS EN IEC 60953-0:2022 – TC 2024
$280.87
Tracked Changes. Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests – Wide range of accuracy for various types and sizes of turbines
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2024 | 286 |
The rules given in this document are applicable to thermal acceptance tests covering a wide range of accuracy on steam turbines of every type, rating and application. Only the relevant portion of these rules will apply to any individual case. The rules provide for the testing of turbines, whether operating with either superheated or saturated steam. They include measurements and procedures required to determine specific enthalpy within the moisture region and describe precautions necessary to permit testing while respecting radiological safety rules in nuclear plants. Uniform rules for the preparation, carrying out, evaluation, comparison with guarantee and calculation of measuring uncertainty of acceptance tests are defined in this standard. Details of the conditions under which the acceptance test can take place are included. Should any complex or special case arise which is not covered by these rules, appropriate agreement is to be reached by manufacturer and purchaser before the contract is signed.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | 30463553 |
| 176 | 30382789 |
| 177 | National foreword |
| 182 | AnnexĀ ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications |
| 183 | English CONTENTS |
| 188 | FOREWORD |
| 190 | INTRODUCTION |
| 192 | 1 Scope 1.1 General 1.2 Object |
| 193 | 1.3 Matters to be considered in the contract 2 Normative references 3 Units, symbols, terms and definitions 3.1 General |
| 194 | 3.2 Symbols, units |
| 195 | 3.3 Subscripts, superscripts and definitions |
| 197 | 3.4 Definition of guarantee values and test results 3.4.1 Guidance on guarantee parameters 3.4.2 Thermal efficiency |
| 198 | Figures FigureĀ 1 ā Diagrams for interpretation of symbols and subscripts |
| 199 | 3.4.3 Heat rate 3.4.4 Thermodynamic efficiency |
| 200 | 3.4.5 Steam rate 3.4.6 Main steam flow capacity 3.4.7 Power output |
| 201 | 3.4.8 Guarantee values for extraction and mixed-pressure turbines 3.4.9 Thermal Load Capacity (for Nuclear applications) 4 Guiding principles 4.1 Advance planning for test |
| 202 | 4.2 Preparatory agreements and arrangements for tests |
| 203 | 4.3 Planning of the test 4.3.1 Time for acceptance tests 4.3.2 Direction of acceptance tests 4.4 Preparation of the tests 4.4.1 Condition of the plant |
| 204 | 4.4.2 Condition of the steam turbine 4.4.3 Condition of the condenser |
| 205 | 4.4.4 Isolation of the cycle |
| 207 | 4.4.5 Checks for leakage of condenser and feed water heaters 4.4.6 Cleanliness of the steam strainers 4.4.7 Checking of the test measuring equipment 4.5 Comparison measurements |
| 208 | 4.6 Settings for tests 4.6.1 Load settings |
| 209 | 4.6.2 Special settings 4.7 Preliminary tests 4.8 Acceptance tests 4.8.1 Constancy of test conditions 4.8.2 Maximum deviation and fluctuation in test conditions |
| 210 | 4.8.3 Duration of test runs and frequency of reading Tables TableĀ 1 ā Maximum deviations and fluctuations in operating conditions |
| 211 | 4.8.4 Reading of integrating measuring instruments 4.8.5 Alternative methods 4.8.6 Recording of tests 4.8.7 Additional measurement 4.8.8 Preliminary calculations 4.8.9 Consistency and number of tests |
| 212 | 4.9 Repetition of acceptance tests 5 Measuring techniques and measuring instruments 5.1 Overview 5.1.1 Instrument accuracy requirements 5.1.2 Measuring instruments 5.1.3 Measuring uncertainty |
| 213 | 5.1.4 Calibration of instruments 5.1.5 Alternative instrumentation |
| 214 | FigureĀ 2 ā Diagram showing location and type of test instrumentation (fossil fuel plant) |
| 215 | FigureĀ 3 ā Diagram showing location and type of test instrumentation (nuclear plant) |
| 216 | TableĀ 2 ā AcceptableĀ instrumentation and uncertainties for acceptance tests |
| 217 | 5.2 Measurement of power 5.2.1 Determination of mechanical turbine output 5.2.2 Measurement of boiler feed pump power |
| 218 | 5.2.3 Determination of electrical power of a turbine generator |
| 219 | 5.2.4 Measurement of electrical power 5.2.5 Electrical instrument connections 5.2.6 Electrical instruments |
| 220 | 5.2.7 Instrument transformers 5.3 Flow measurement 5.3.1 Determination of flows to be measured 5.3.2 Measurement of primary flow |
| 222 | FigureĀ 4 ā USM with flow conditioner or flow straightener. |
| 223 | 5.3.3 Installation and location of flow measuring devices |
| 224 | 5.3.4 Calibration of primary flow devices for water flow |
| 225 | 5.3.5 Inspection of flow measuring devices |
| 226 | 5.3.6 Differential pressure measurements 5.3.7 Water flow fluctuation 5.3.8 Secondary flow measurements |
| 229 | 5.3.9 Occasional secondary flows |
| 230 | 5.3.10 Density of water and steam 5.3.11 Determination of cooling water flow of condenser |
| 231 | 5.4 Pressure measurement (excluding condensing turbine exhaust pressure) 5.4.1 Pressures to be measured 5.4.2 Instruments 5.4.3 Main pressure measurements |
| 232 | 5.4.4 Pressure tapping holes and connecting lines |
| 233 | 5.4.5 Shut-off valves 5.4.6 Calibration of pressure measuring devices 5.4.7 Atmospheric pressure 5.4.8 Correction of readings |
| 234 | 5.5 Condensing turbine exhaust pressure measurement 5.5.1 General 5.5.2 Plane of measurement 5.5.3 Pressure taps |
| 235 | 5.5.4 Manifolds 5.5.5 Connecting lines 5.5.6 Instruments 5.5.7 Calibration 5.6 Temperature measurement 5.6.1 Points of temperature measurement |
| 236 | 5.6.2 Instruments 5.6.3 Main temperature measurements 5.6.4 Feed train temperature measurements (including bled steam) |
| 237 | 5.6.5 Condenser cooling water temperature measurement 5.6.6 Thermometer wells |
| 238 | 5.6.7 Precautions to be observed in the measurement of temperature 5.7 Steam quality determination 5.7.1 General 5.7.2 Tracer technique |
| 239 | 5.7.3 Condensing method |
| 241 | FigureĀ 5 ā Throttle steam quality calculations for boiling water reactor |
| 242 | 5.7.4 Constant rate injection method FigureĀ 6 ā Throttle steam quality calculations for pressurized water reactor |
| 243 | 5.7.5 Extraction enthalpy determined by constant rate injection method |
| 244 | FigureĀ 7 ā Typical installation of injection and sampling points |
| 245 | 5.7.6 Tracers and their use FigureĀ 8 ā Oxygen content of sample stream |
| 246 | 5.8 Time measurement 5.9 Speed measurement 6 Evaluation of tests 6.1 Preparation of evaluation |
| 247 | 6.2 Computation of results 6.2.1 Calculation of average values of instrument readings 6.2.2 Correction and conversion of averaged readings 6.2.3 Checking of measured data |
| 248 | 6.2.4 Thermodynamic properties of steam and water TableĀ 3 ā Apportionment of unaccounted leakages |
| 249 | 6.2.5 Calculation of test results 7 Correction of test results and comparison with guarantee 7.1 Guarantee values and guarantee conditions 7.2 Correction of initial steam flow capacity |
| 250 | 7.3 Correction of output 7.3.1 Correction of maximum output 7.3.2 Correction of Output with specified initial steam flow 7.4 Correction of the thermal performance |
| 251 | 7.5 Definition and application of correction values 7.6 Correction methods 7.6.1 General |
| 252 | 7.6.2 Correction by heat balance calculation |
| 253 | 7.6.3 Correction by use of correction curves prepared by the manufacturer 7.6.4 Tests to determine correction values 7.7 Variables to be considered in the correction of specific turbine cycles 7.7.1 Scope of corrections 7.7.2 Turbines with regenerative feed-water heating |
| 255 | 7.7.3 Turbines which have no provision for the addition or extraction of steam after partial expansion 7.7.4 Turbines with steam extraction for purposes other than feed-water heating (extraction turbines) 7.7.5 Other types of turbine |
| 256 | 7.8 Guarantee comparison 7.8.1 Tolerance and weighting 7.8.2 Guarantee comparison with locus curve |
| 257 | 7.8.3 Guarantee comparison with guarantee point 7.8.4 Guarantee comparison for turbines with throttle governing 7.8.5 Guarantee comparison for extraction turbines FigureĀ 9 ā Guarantee comparison on locus curve |
| 258 | 7.9 Deterioration of turbine performance (ageing) 7.9.1 Timing to minimise deterioration 7.9.2 Correction with comparison tests 7.9.3 Correction without comparison tests TableĀ 4 ā Average deterioration by ageing TableĀ 5 ā Deterioration of thermal efficiency and power output |
| 259 | 8 Measuring uncertainty 8.1 General |
| 260 | 8.2 Determination of measuring uncertainty of steam and water properties 8.2.1 Pressure 8.2.2 Temperature 8.2.3 Enthalpy and enthalpy difference |
| 261 | 8.3 Calculation of measuring uncertainty of output 8.3.1 Electrical measurement FigureĀ 10 ā Correction factor for steam table tolerance |
| 263 | 8.3.2 Mechanical measurement 8.3.3 Additional uncertainty allowance because of unsteady load conditions 8.4 Determination of measuring uncertainty of mass flow 8.4.1 Measuring uncertainty of mass flow measurements 8.4.2 Measuring uncertainty of multiple measurements of primary flow |
| 264 | 8.4.3 Uncertainty allowance for cycle imperfections 8.5 Calculation of measuring uncertainty of results 8.5.1 General 8.5.2 Measuring uncertainty of thermal efficiency |
| 265 | 8.5.3 Measuring uncertainty of thermodynamic efficiency 8.5.4 Uncertainty of corrections |
| 266 | 8.5.5 Guiding values for the measuring uncertainty of results 8.6 Example uncertainty calculation TableĀ 6 ā Guiding values for the uncertainty of test results |
| 267 | TableĀ 7 ā Example uncertainty calculation for reheat cyclewith uncalibrated primary flows measurements |
| 268 | AnnexĀ A (normative)Feedwater heater leakage and condenser leakage tests A.1 Feedwater heater leakage tests A.2 Condenser leakage tests |
| 269 | AnnexĀ B (normative)Evaluation of multiple measurements, compatibility |
| 270 | AnnexĀ C (normative)Mass flow balances C.1 General |
| 271 | C.2 Flows for further evaluations (informative) FigureĀ C.1 ā Diagram of cycle for plant with steam turbine with single reheatingand five stages of regenerative feedwater heating extraction |
| 273 | AnnexĀ D (informative)Short-statistical definition of measuring uncertaintyand error propagation in acceptance tests |
| 277 | AnnexĀ E (informative)Temperature variation method E.1 Description of the problem E.2 Possibility to determine the leakage flow |
| 278 | FigureĀ E.1 ā IP turbine bowl expansion line depending on different labyrinth flow rates |
| 279 | E.3 Applied example FigureĀ E.2 ā Schematic diagram of a combined HP/IP1/IP2 turbine |
| 281 | TableĀ E.1 ā Measured thermodynamic parameters and calculated IP2 turbine bowl isentropic efficiencies |
| 282 | FigureĀ E.3 ā Result of temperature variation tests. IP2 turbine bowl efficiency as a function of the labyrinth flow rate (sealing 2) for varying live and reheat temperatures |
| 283 | Bibliography |
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