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BS EN 61400-27-1:2015

BS EN 61400-27-1:2015

$215.11

Wind turbines – Electrical simulation models. Wind turbines

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2015 100
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IEC 61400-27 defines standard electrical simulation models for wind turbines and wind power plants. The specified models are time domain positive sequence simulation models, intended to be used in power system and grid stability analyses. The models are applicable for dynamic simulations of short term stability in power systems. IEC 61400-27 includes procedures for validation of the specified electrical simulation models. The validation procedure for IEC 61400-27 is based on tests specified in IEC 61400-21.

IEC 61400-27 consists of two parts with the following scope:

  • IEC 61400-27-1 specifies dynamic simulation models for generic wind turbine topologies/ concepts / configurations on the market. IEC 61400-27-1 defines the generic terms and parameters with the purpose of specifying the electrical characteristics of a wind turbine at the connection terminals. The models are described in a modular way which can be applied for future wind turbine concepts. The dynamic simulation models refer to the wind turbine terminals. The validation procedure specified in IEC 61400-27-1 focuses on the IEC 61400-21 tests for response to voltage dips, reference point changes and grid protection.

  • IEC 61400-27-2 specifies dynamic simulation models for the generic wind power plant topologies / configurations on the market including wind power plant control and auxiliary equipment. In addition IEC 61400-27-2 specifies a method to create models for future wind power plant configurations. The wind power plant models are based on the wind turbine models specified in IEC 61400-27-1.

The electrical simulation models specified in IEC 61400-27 are independent of any software simulation tool.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
6 English
CONTENTS
11 FOREWORD
13 INTRODUCTION
Figures
Figure 1 – Classification of power system stability according to IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions
16 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts
3.1 Terms and definitions
19 Figure 2 – Example of step response.
21 3.2 Abbreviations and subscripts
3.2.1 Abbreviations
22 3.2.2 Subscripts
23 4 Symbols and units
4.1 General
4.2 Symbols (units)
25 5 Specification of models
5.1 Overview
5.2 General specifications
27 5.3 Model interface
Figure 3 – General interface between WT model,grid model and WP model
28 5.4 Parameters and initialisation
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Parameter categories
5.4.3 Global parameters
5.4.4 Initialisation
Tables
Table 1 – Global WT model parameters
29 5.5 Modular structure of models
5.5.1 Generic modular structure
Figure 4 – General interface for initialisation of WT model,WP model and grid model.
Table 2 – Initialisation variable used explicitly in model block diagrams
30 5.5.2 Type 1
Figure 5 – Generic modular structure of WT models
Figure 6 – Main electrical and mechanical components of type 1 WTs
31 Figure 7 – Modular structure for the type 1A WT model
Table 3 – Modules used in type 1A model
32 5.5.3 Type 2
Figure 8 – Modular structure for the type 1B WT model
Table 4 – Modules used in type 1B model
33 Figure 9 – Main electrical and mechanical components of type 2 WTs
Figure 10 – Modular structure for the type 2 WT model
34 5.5.4 Type 3
Figure 11 – Modular structure for the type 2 control model
Table 5 – Modules used in type 2 model
35 Figure 12 – Main electrical and mechanical components of type 3 WTs
Figure 13 – Modular structure for the type 3 WT model
36 Figure 14 – Modular structure for the type 3 control models
Table 6 – Modules used in type 3 model
37 5.5.5 Type 4
Figure 15 – Main electrical and mechanical components of type 4 WTs
38 Figure 16 – Modular structure for the type 4A WT model
Figure 17 – Modular structure for the type 4A control model
39 Figure 18 – Modular structure for the type 4B WT model
Table 7 – Modules used in type 4A model
40 Figure 19 – Modular structure for the type 4B control model
Table 8 – Modules used in type 4B model
41 5.6 Module library
5.6.1 Aerodynamic models
Figure 20 – Block diagram for constant aerodynamic torque model
Figure 21 – Block diagram for one-dimensional aerodynamic model
Table 9 – Parameter list for one-dimensional aerodynamic model
Table 10 – Parameter list for two-dimensional aerodynamic model
42 5.6.2 Mechanical models
Figure 22 – Block diagram for two-dimensional aerodynamic model
43 5.6.3 Generator set models
Figure 23 – Block diagram for two mass model
Table 11 – Parameter list for two-mass model
44 Figure 24 – Block diagram for type 3A generator set model
Table 12 – Parameter list for type 3A generator set model
45 Table 13 – Parameter list for type 3B generator set model
46 Figure 25 – Block diagram for type 3B generator set model
47 Figure 26 – Block diagram for type 4 generator set model
Table 14 – Parameter list for type 4 generator set model
Table 15 – Parameter list for reference frame rotation model
48 5.6.4 Electrical equipment
5.6.5 Control models
Figure 27 – Block diagram for the reference frame rotation model
Table 16 – Parameter list for pitch control power model
49 Figure 28 – Block diagram for pitch control power model
Table 17 – Parameter list for pitch angle control model
50 Figure 29 – Block diagram for pitch angle control model
Table 18 – Parameter list for rotor resistance control model
51 Figure 30 – Block diagram for rotor resistance control model
Table 19 – Parameter list for p control model type 3
52 Figure 31 – Block diagram for type 3 P control model
53 Figure 32 – Block diagram for type 3 torque PI
Figure 33 – Block diagram for type 4A P control model
Table 20 – Parameter list for p control model type 4A
54 Figure 34 – Block diagram for type 4B P control model
Table 21 – Parameter list for p control model type 4B
Table 22 – General WT Q control modes MqG
55 Table 23 – UVRT Q control modes MqUVRT
Table 24 – Parameter list for q control model
56 Figure 35 – Block diagram for Q control model
57 Table 25 – Description of FUVRT flag values
Table 26 – Parameter list for current limiter model
58 Figure 36 – Block diagram for current limiter
Figure 37 – Block diagram for constant Q limitation model
Table 27 – Parameter list for constant Q limitation model
59 5.6.6 Grid protection model
Figure 38 – Block diagram for QP and QU limitation model
Table 28 – Parameter list for QP and QU limitation model
60 Figure 39 – Block diagram for grid protection system
Table 29 – Parameter list for grid protection model
61 6 Specification of validation procedure
6.1 Overview
Figure 40 – Block diagram for u-f measurement
62 6.2 General specifications
63 6.3 Validation procedure
6.3.1 Voltage dips
64 Figure 41 – Signal processing structure with “play-back” method applied.
65 Figure 42 – Signal processing structure with “full grid simulation” method applied.
67 Figure 43 – Voltage dip windows
Table 30 – Windows applied for error calculations
68 6.3.2 Reference point changes
6.3.3 Grid protection
70 Annexes
Annex A (informative) Validation test documentation
A.1 General
A.2 Simulation model and validation setup information
A.3 Template for validation test results
A.3.1 General
Table A.1 – Required information about simulation model and validation setup
Table A.2 – Additional information required if full grid method is applied
71 A.3.2 Voltage dips
A.3.3 Reference point changes
Table A.3 – Validation summary for voltage dips
72 A.3.4 Grid protection
Table A.4 – Validation summary for reference point changes
Table A.5 – Validation summary for grid protection
73 Annex B (normative) Limits to possible model accuracy
B.1 General
B.2 Inevitable simulation errors
B.3 Measurement errors
75 Annex C (normative) Digital 2nd order critically damped low pass filter
76 Annex D (informative) Simplified plant level model
D.1 General
D.2 Area of application
D.3 Voltage and reactive power controller model description
77 Table D.1 – Parameters used in the voltage and reactive power control model
78 D.4 Frequency and active power controller model description
Figure D.1 – Block diagram for WP reactive power controllers
Table D.2 – Parameters used in the frequency and active power control model
79 Figure D.2 – Block diagram for WP active power controller
80 Annex E (informative) Two-dimensional aerodynamic model
E.1 Objective
E.2 Model approach
81 E.3 Model parameter fits
Figure E.1 – Aerodynamic power as function of blade angle Θ and wind speed v
Figure E.2 – Partial derivative of power with respect to rotor speed change ∂paero/∂ωWTR as function of blade angle Θ and wind speed v
82 Figure E.3 – Partial derivative of power with respect to blade angle dpθ as function of blade angle Θ
Figure E.4 – Partial derivative of power with respect to rotor speed change dpω as function of wind speed v for 1 p.u. (solid line) and 0,5 p.u. (dashed line) active power
Table E.1 – Points characterising the relation between the wind speed v and the partial derivative dpω
83 Figure E.5 – Approximation of aerodynamic power as function of wind speed
Figure E.6 – Approximation of the blade angle as function of wind speed
Table E.2 – Parameter list for the aerodynamics of a specific WT type
84 E.4 Use cases
E.4.1 General
E.4.2 Stability study use cases
E.4.3 Validation use cases
E.5 Model initialisation at derated conditions
85 Annex F (informative) Generic Software Interface for use of models in different software environments
F.1 Description of the approach
86 F.2 Description of the Software interface
F.2.1 Description of data structures
87 F.2.2 Functions for communication through the ESE-interface
89 F.2.3 Inputs, Outputs, Parameters
Figure F.1 – Sequence of Simulation on use of ESE-interface
90 Annex G (normative) Block symbol library
G.1 General
G.2 Time step delay
G.3 Stand-alone ramp rate limiter
Figure G.1 – Block symbol for single integration time step delay
Figure G.2 – Block symbol for stand-alone ramp rate limiter
91 G.4 First order filter with absolute limits, rate limits and freeze flag
Figure G.3 – Block diagram for implementation of the stand-alone ramp rate limiter
Figure G.4 – Block symbol for first order filter with absolute limits,rate limits and freeze flag
Figure G.5 – Block diagram for implementation of the first order filterwith absolute limits, rate limits and freeze state
92 G.5 Lookup table
G.6 Comparator
G.7 Timer
Figure G.6 – Block diagram for implementation of the freeze state without filter (T = 0)
Figure G.7 – Block symbol for lookup table
Figure G.8 – Block symbols for comparators
93 G.8 Anti windup integrator
Figure G.9 – Block symbol for timer
Figure G.10 – Function of timer
Figure G.11 – Block symbol for anti windup integrator
94 G.9 Integrator with reset
G.10 First order filter with limitation detection
Figure G.12 – Block diagram for implementation of anti windup integrator
Figure G.13 – Block symbol for integrator with reset
Figure G.14 – Block symbol for first order filter with limitation detection
95 G.11 Delay flag
G.12 Raising edge detection
Figure G.15 – Block diagram for implementation of first order filterwith limitation detection
Figure G.16 – Block symbol for delay flag
Figure G.17 – Block diagram for implementation of delay flag
96 Figure G.18 – Block symbol raising edge detection
Figure G.19 – Block diagram for raising edge detection
97 Bibliography

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BS EN 61400-27-1:2015
$215.11