BS EN 16682:2017
$198.66
Conservation of cultural heritage. Methods of measurement of moisture content, or water content, in materials constituting immovable cultural heritage
Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
BSI | 2017 | 68 |
This European Standard is aimed to inform and assist users in the choice and use of the most appropriate method to obtain reliable measurements of the moisture content, or water content, in wood and masonry (including brickwork, stonework, concrete, gypsum, mortars, etc.) in the specific case of the built cultural heritage. It provides a basic framework to take and interpret this kind of measurements on the above cultural heritage materials that have undergone weathering, pest attack, salt migration or other transformations over time. It specifies four absolute methods (i.e. gravimetric, Karl Fischer titration, azeotropic distillation and calcium carbide); explains their characteristics, pros and cons, and gives specifications for the transformation of readings into the same unit to make measurements taken with different methods comparable. It specifies the three principal relative methods (i.e. electrical resistance, capacitance, and relative humidity in equilibrium with the material), pointing out their characteristics and uncertainties when used in the field of cultural heritage. In addition, it provides an informative overview of ten other relative methods, their characteristics, pros and cons. It gives specifications for the calibration of the various methods. It also compares the above methods in relation to their accuracy, sampling requirement, sample size, laboratory or field use, and other problems encountered in the field of cultural heritage to prevent instrument misuse, reduce uncertainties and avoid reading misinterpretation.
PDF Catalog
PDF Pages | PDF Title |
---|---|
9 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
10 | 3 Terms and definitions |
15 | 4 Symbols and abbreviations |
16 | 5 Moisture and water content in materials 5.1 Moisture content 5.1.1 General 5.1.2 Dry versus wet mode |
17 | 5.1.3 Gravimetric versus volumetric mode 5.2 Water content 5.3 Comparison between moisture content and water content |
18 | 6 Absolute and relative methods 6.1 Absolute methods 6.2 Relative methods |
19 | 6.3 Comparison between absolute and relative methods |
20 | 7 Taking and handling samples 8 Calibration 8.1 General |
21 | 8.2 Instrument calibration 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Calibration for moisture content 8.2.3 Calibration for water content 8.3 Reproducibility 8.3.1 Instruments for absolute measurements 8.3.2 Instruments for relative measurements 8.3.3 Comparison between absolute and relative methods |
22 | 9 Use of existing European Standards concerning modern building materials 10 Test report |
24 | Annex A (normative)Absolute methods A.1 Generalities A.2 Gravimetric method A.2.1 General |
25 | A.2.2 Apparatus A.2.3 Procedure A.3 Drying procedures in the gravimetric method A.3.1 General |
26 | A.3.2 Oven drying A.3.2.1 General A.3.2.2 Apparatus A.3.2.3 Drying procedure |
27 | A.3.3 Vacuum drying A.3.3.1 General A.3.3.2 Apparatus A.3.3.3 Drying procedure A.3.4 Compressed-air drying A.3.4.1 General A.3.4.2 Apparatus |
28 | A.3.4.3 Drying procedure A.3.5 Adsorption drying A.3.5.1 General A.3.5.2 Apparatus A.3.5.3 Drying procedure |
29 | A.3.6 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) A.3.6.1 General A.3.6.2 Apparatus A.3.6.3 Procedure |
30 | A.4 Karl Fischer titration A.4.1 General A.4.2 Apparatus |
31 | A.4.3 Procedure |
32 | A.4.4 Volumetric KF titration (V-KFT) A.4.4.1 General A.4.4.2 Apparatus A.4.4.3 Procedure |
33 | A.4.5 Coulometric KF titration (C-KFT) A.4.5.1 General A.4.5.2 Apparatus A.4.5.3 Procedure |
34 | A.4.6 Oven-vaporization KF titration (OV-KFT) A.4.6.1 General A.4.6.2 Apparatus A.4.6.3 Temperature |
35 | A.4.7 KF titration of selected materials |
36 | A.5 Azeotropic distillation A.5.1 General A.5.2 Apparatus |
37 | A.5.3 Procedure A.6 Calcium carbide test A.6.1 General |
38 | A.6.2 Apparatus A.6.3 Procedure |
43 | Annex B (normative)Relative methods B.1 Generalities B.2 Electrical resistance (conductance) |
44 | B.3 Capacitance (dielectric) |
45 | B.4 Relative humidity in equilibrium with the material B.4.1 General B.4.2 Drilled cavity |
46 | B.4.3 External sealed box (ESB) B.4.4 Apparatus B.4.5 Procedure |
51 | Annex C (informative)Other relative methods C.1 Generalities C.2 Microwave |
52 | C.3 Evanescent-field dielectrometry C.4 Time-domain reflectometry |
53 | C.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance C.6 Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) |
54 | C.7 Ultrasound pulses C.8 Thermography |
59 | Annex D (informative)Methods with special safety requirements D.1 Generalities D.2 X-ray |
60 | D.3 Gamma rays D.4 Neutron scattering |