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BS EN 14067-5:2021:2022 Edition

BS EN 14067-5:2021:2022 Edition

$215.11

Railway applications. Aerodynamics – Requirements and assessment procedures for aerodynamics in tunnels

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2022 98
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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
8 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
10 4 Symbols and abbreviations
16 5 Requirements on locomotives and passenger rolling stock
5.1 Limitation of pressure variations inside tunnels
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Requirements
5.1.2.1 Reference case
17 5.1.2.2 Fixed or pre-defined train compositions
5.1.2.3 Single rolling stock units fitted with a driver’s cab
5.1.2.4 Other passenger rolling stock
18 5.1.3 Full conformity assessment
5.1.4 Simplified conformity assessment
20 5.2 Limitation of pressure gradient entering a tunnel (relative to micro-pressure wave generation)
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Requirements
5.2.2.1 General
5.2.2.2 Reference case
22 5.2.2.3 Rolling stock units fitted with a driver’s cab
5.2.3 Simplified conformity assessment
5.3 Resistance to aerodynamic loading
5.3.1 General
23 5.3.2 Requirements
5.3.2.1 General
24 5.3.2.2 Exceptional load cases for vehicle bodies
25 5.3.2.3 Fatigue load cases for vehicle bodies
5.3.2.4 Reference case for running in strong winds (exceptional load case)
5.3.2.5 Reference case for open air passings (fatigue load case)
26 5.3.2.6 Reference cases for exceptional loads in tunnel transit
28 5.3.2.7 Reference cases for fatigue loads in tunnel transit
29 5.3.3 Exceptional load assessment
30 5.3.4 Fatigue load assessment
5.3.5 Assessment in case of modification
31 6 Requirements on infrastructure
6.1 Limitation of pressure variations inside tunnels to meet the medical health criterion
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Requirements
6.1.2.1 Reference case
32 6.1.2.2 Single track tunnels
6.1.2.3 Double track tunnels
33 6.1.2.4 Multi-track tunnels
6.1.3 Full conformity assessment
6.1.4 Simplified conformity assessment
34 6.2 Limitation of pressure gradient entering a tunnel (relative to micro-pressure wave generation)
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Reference case
6.2.3 Requirements
6.2.4 Assessment
35 6.3 Further aspects of tunnel design
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Aural pressure comfort
36 6.3.3 Pressure loading on installations
37 6.3.4 Induced airflows
6.3.5 Aerodynamic drag
6.3.6 Contact forces of pantograph to catenary
6.3.7 Ventilation
6.3.8 Workers’ safety
38 6.3.9 Loads on vehicles in mixed traffic operation
6.4 Additional aspects for underground stations
6.4.1 Pressure changes
6.4.2 Induced airflows
39 6.4.3 Specific case for loads on platform barrier systems due to trains passing
7 Methods and test procedures
7.1 General
41 7.2 Methods to determine pressure variations in tunnels
7.2.1 General
42 7.2.2 Full-scale measurements at fixed locations in a tunnel
7.2.2.1 Test site
7.2.2.2 Measurement positions
7.2.2.3 Test train requirements
43 7.2.2.4 Train speed requirements
7.2.3 Instrumentation
7.2.3.1 General
45 7.2.3.2 Data acquisition system
7.2.4 Full-scale measurements on the exterior of the train
46 7.2.5 Predictive formulae
7.2.6 Assessment by numerical simulation
47 7.2.7 Reduced scale measurements at fixed locations in a tunnel
48 7.3 Assessment of maximum pressure changes (vehicle reference case)
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Transformation of measurement values by a factor (approach 1)
49 7.3.3 Transformation of measurement values based on A.3.3 (approach 2)
7.3.4 Transformation by simulation (approach 3)
50 7.3.5 Assessment of the pressure time history
54 7.3.6 Assessment quantities and comparison
7.4 Assessment of maximum pressure changes (infrastructure reference case)
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Assessment method
56 7.5 Assessment of the pressure gradient of a train entering a tunnel (vehicle reference case, with respect to micro-pressure wave generation)
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Assessment by simulations
57 7.5.3 Assessment by moving model rig tests
7.6 Assessment of the micro-pressure wave (infrastructure reference case)
7.6.1 General
58 7.6.2 Assessment by numerical simulations
60 7.6.3 Assessment by moving model rig tests
7.6.3.1 Reduced-scale moving model tests (infrastructure)
7.6.3.2 Reduced-scale moving model tests (rolling stock)
61 7.7 Assessment of aerodynamic loads
7.7.1 Assessment of load due to strong wind
62 7.7.2 Assessment of open air passings for fatigue load assessments
63 Assessment of transient loads in tunnels
7.7.3.1 General
7.7.3.2 Train parameters
64 7.7.3.3 Tunnel parameters
7.7.3.4 Simulation parameters
65 7.7.3.5 Calculation software
7.7.3.6 Assessment
66 7.7.3.7 Documentation
7.7.4 Assessment of fatigue loads
7.7.4.1 General
7.7.4.2 Load collectives
67 7.7.4.3 Train crossing frequencies
68 7.7.4.4 Rainflow analysis
7.7.5 Determination of the damage-equivalent load amplitude for scenario
69 7.7.6 Documentation
70 7.7.7 Simplified load cases
7.7.7.1 General
7.7.7.2 Exceptional loads
71 7.7.7.3 Fatigue loads
7.8 Assessment of pressure sealing
7.8.1 General
72 7.8.2 Dynamic pressure tightness
7.8.3 Equivalent leakage area
73 7.8.4 Test methods
7.8.4.1 General
7.8.4.2 Static tests
75 7.8.5 Dynamic tests
77 Annex A (informative)Predictive formulae
A.1 General
A.2 SNCF approach
A.2.1 Entry of the nose of the train
A.2.2 Entry of the body of the train
78 A.2.3 Entry of the rear of the train
A.3 TU Vienna approach
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Symbols
79 A.3.3 Calculation of ΔpN
80 A.3.4 Calculation of Δpfr
81 A.3.5 Calculation of ΔpT
82 A.3.6 Calculation of the drag coefficient Cx,tu
A.3.6.1 Method 1
84 A.3.6.2 Method 2
85 A.4 GB approach, ignoring changes in air density and the speed of sound
A.4.1 General
A.4.2 Calculation of ∆pN
86 A.4.3 Calculation of ∆pfr
A.4.4 Calculation of ∆pT
87 Annex B (informative)Pressure comfort criteria
B.1 General
B.2 Unsealed trains (generally τdyn < 0,5 s)
B.3 Sealed trains (generally τdyn > 0,5 s)
88 Annex C (informative)Micro-pressure wave
C.1 General
C.2 Compression wave generation
89 C.3 Compression wave propagation
C.4 Micro-pressure wave radiation
91 Annex D (informative)Pressure loading on unsealed crossing trains
94 Annex E (informative)Validation cases for the assessment of aerodynamic loads
E.1 General
E.2 Validation procedure

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BS EN 14067-5:2021
$215.11