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ASTM-E18:2008 Edition

ASTM-E18:2008 Edition

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E18-08a Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASTM 2008 37
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the Rockwell hardness and the Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials by the Rockwell indentation hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Rockwell hardness machines and the procedures for performing Rockwell hardness tests.

1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:

1.3 This standard includes nonmandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Rockwell hardness test.

1.4 Units At the time the Rockwell hardness test was developed, the force levels were specified in units of kilograms-force (kgf) and the indenter ball diameters were specified in units of inches (in.). This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in millimeters (mm). However, because of the historical precedent and continued common usage, force values in kgf units and ball diameters in inch units are provided for information and much of the discussion in this standard refers to these units.

1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for both the Rockwell and Rockwell superficial hardness tests. The significant differences between the two tests are that the test forces are smaller for the Rockwell superficial test than for the Rockwell test. The same type and size indenters may be used for either test, depending on the scale being employed. Accordingly, throughout this standard, the term Rockwell will imply both Rockwell and Rockwell superficial unless stated otherwise.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 Scope
Referenced Documents
2 Terminology
Significance and Use
3 Principles of Test and Apparatus
FIG. 1
4 TABLE 1
TABLE 2
5 Test Piece
Test Procedure
6 FIG. 2
TABLE 3
7 Conversion to Other Hardness Scales or Tensile Strength Values
Report
Precision and Bias
FIG. 3
8 Keywords
A1. VERIFICATION OF ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTING MACHINES
A1.1 Scope
A1.2 General Requirements
TABLE 4
9 A1.3 Direct Verification
TABLE A1.1
TABLE A1.2
10 A1.4 Indirect Verification
11 A1.5 Daily Verification
TABLE A1.3
12 A1.6 Verification Report
13 A2. ROCKWELL HARDNESS STANDARDIZING MACHINES
A2.1 Scope
A2.2 Accreditation
A2.3 Apparatus
A2.4 Laboratory Environment
TABLE A2.1
TABLE A2.2
14 A2.5 Verifications
A2.6 Periodic Verification Procedures
TABLE A2.3
TABLE A2.4
15 TABLE A2.5
TABLE A2.6
16 A2.7 Monitoring Verification
FIG. A2.1
17 A2.8 Verification Report
18 A3. STANDARDIZATION OF ROCKWELL INDENTERS
A3.1 Scope
A3.2 Accreditation
A3.3 General Requirements
A3.4 Ball Indenters
TABLE A3.1
19 TABLE A3.2
TABLE A3.3
20 A3.5 Class B Diamond Indenters
FIG. A3.1
TABLE A3.4
21 A3.6 Class A Diamond Indenters
A3.7 Reference Diamond Indenters
TABLE A3.5
TABLE A3.6
TABLE A3.7
22 A3.8 Marking
A3.9 Certificate
A4. STANDARDIZATION OF ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST BLOCKS
A4.1 Scope
A4.2 Accreditation
A4.3 Manufacture
23 A4.4 General Requirements
A4.5 Standardization Procedure
A4.6 Marking
TABLE A4.1
TABLE A4.2
24 A4.7 Certificate
A5. GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF A TEST PIECE
TABLE A5.1
25 TABLE A5.2
TABLE A5.3
26 TABLE A5.4
27 FIG. A5.1
28 A6. HARDNESS VALUE CORRECTIONS WHEN TESTING ON CONVEX CYLINDRICAL SURFACES
FIG. A5.2
29 TABLE A6.1
TABLE A6.2
TABLE A6.3
30 X1. LIST OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS GIVING HARDNESS VALUES CORRESPONDING TO TENSILE STRENGTH
X1.1
X2. EXAMPLES OF PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ROCKWELL HARDNESS UNCERTAINTY
X2.1 Scope
TABLE A6.4
31 X2.2 Equations
X2.3 General Requirements
X2.4 General Procedure
32 X2.5 Sources of Uncertainty
33 X2.6 Procedure for Calculating Uncertainty: Indirect Verification
34 X2.7 Procedure for Calculating Uncertainty: Rockwell Hardness Measurement Values
35 X2.8 Procedure for Calculating Uncertainty: Certified Value of Standardized Test Blocks

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